初二下册英语精选(九篇)
第1篇：初二下册英语范文
1.现在完成时的意义：
1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有already, yet,ever, never, just等
2)表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常常和表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的表示一段时间的状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间点。
2)构成形式：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
3)a.It?is?the?first?/?second?time….?that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
b.This?is?the…?that…结构，that?从句要用现在完成时.
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
2.怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时，关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解，因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。
现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。
现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较：
(1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。
(2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：
Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)
Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)
(a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义，(b)句则没有。
(3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质，如：
My moth! er has been teaching English for twenty years.(a)
My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b)
(a)句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。(b)句则较为正式。又，(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续.并将延续下去，(b)句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。
(4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：
Have you been meeting her lately?(a)
Have you met her lately?(b)
(a)句有“经常相会”之意，(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often，every day等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。
(5)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：
What have you been doing?(a)
What have you done?(b)
(a)句表示惊异。(b)句只是一个问题。
下面还有一例，颇为有趣:
Who's been eating my apples?(a)
Who's eaten my apples?(b)
(a)句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。又，(a)句兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思，(b)句是完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了”。3.现在完成进行时的含义：表示过去某一时间开始到现在经常重复的动作。
现在完成进行时的构成：助动词have/has been+v.ing形式。当主语为第三人称单数十，助动词用has,其他人称用have.
现在完成进行时的用法：主要表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，这个动作可能仍然在进行，也可能停止了一会儿。
4。for 的用法：1)在回答How long…?的问句时，for表示所指时间或距离的全部，在这个含义上与表示“特定期间中某个长度”的during 不同。2)可以用在过去时，现在时，将来时中，但是若表示持续进行到现在为止时，则不能用现在时，而要用现在完成时。3)表示某事物在所述时间要发生。
5.since 用法：1)conj.自…以后;自从，后接从句表示以过去的某个时间为起点，持续到现在或过去的某个时候。Since之后可以接过去时的句子，也可以接表示过去的时间点。2)prep.自…来，从…(至今)
【注意】since除了可以与现在完成时连用外，还可以与过去完成时，现在完成进行时连用。
【扩展】since, for都可以与完成时态连用。Since用来说明动作的起始时间，而for用来说明动作延续时间，因此，since后跟表示某一时间点的名词短语，for后面跟表示一段时间的名词短语。
6.each 的用法：1)adj.各个的，各自的，每一个的。置于单数可数名词之前。2)pron.各个，各自。谓语动词用单数形式。
Each, every: each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”;every指三个以上的人或事物的全体，和all的意思相近;every只修饰单数名词，谓语动词用单数，each为形容词修饰单数名词，谓语动词为单数。作代词，单独使用，接单数动词，放在复数名词和代词后作同位语，接复数谓语动词;代表each与every的物主代词可以用his也可以用their.
【扩展】each of之后接名词或代词的复数形式，接名词时一定要附加the或my等词，即“each of+代词的复数形式”或“each of+the/my+名词的复数形式”，但谓语动词要用单数形式。
7.ago与before“以前”：ago表示从现在算起一段时间“以前”，和动词的一般过去时连用。放在所修饰词的后面。Before则表示从过去某时算起若干时间以前，用于完成时。ago,before前可以与具体时间连用“多少时间之前”
8.含有half的表达方式：数词+名词(单/复数)+and +a half; 数词+and+a half+名词(复数)
9.Because, since, as, for：四个词都表示“原因”的连词。以上连词的语气由强到弱依次为because-since-as-for其中because,since,as从属连词，引导原因状语从句;for为并列连词，连接两个并列句。a)because“因为”，表示直接原因回答why的提问，一般放在主句之后，可单独存在。b)since“因为”“既然”，侧重主句从句表示虽然的或已知的理由。c)as“由于”，主从句并重，从句说明原因，主句说明结果。d)for“因为，由于”，表明附加或推断的理由，引导的从句前常有逗号，for从句不放在句首。
10.Probably副词，相当于almost certainly,意思为“或许，大概，很可能”一般不放在not等含有否定意义的词之后。
11.run out, run out of: run out“用完了”，主语通常为时间，食物，金钱，不用于被动语态;run out of“用完了”，表示主动含义，主语一般为人，多用于进行时和完成时。
14.Teach的用法：teach sb sth教某人学某事;teach doing教导做…, 教…;teach sb to do教某人做某事;teach sb+that从句 教育人….
15.被动语态：1)被动语态的基本构成形式：主语+助动词be+构成形式2)被动语态的时态：被动语态的时态是通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。3)主动语态和被动语态的结构相比(箭头表示动作方向)
主动语态：主语(动作发出者)谓语(及物动词)宾语(动作承受者)被动语态：主语(动作承受者)谓语(be+动词过去分词)宾语(动作发出者)
He wrote the letter. The letter was written by him.
4)主动句变被动句的基本句式：
a) 主：主语+助动词(情态动词)+谓语+宾语
被：主语(原宾语)+助动词(情态动词)+be+动词过去分词+by+原主语
如，We will help him.He will be helped by us.
主：主语+动词短语+宾语
被：主语(圆宾语)+be+动词短语的过去分词+by+原主语
如，They looked after the babies.The babies were looked after by them.
主：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
被：主语(间接宾语)+be+动词过去分词+原直接宾语
主语(直接宾语))+be+动词过去分词+to(for)+原间接宾语+(by+原主语)
如，We gave him some magazines.He was given some magazines.
Some magazines were given to him by us.
【注意】一般将主动句中表示人的间接宾语变为被动句中的主语。
主：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
被：主语(原宾语)+be+过去分词+原宾语补足语
如，They elected him their monitor.He was elected their monitor.
【注意】如果主动句中宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变成被动语态后一般要加to.
I saw him go to the church.He was seen to go to the church.【扩展】一般在以下几种情形时，需要使用被动语态。
不知道动作的执行者，只知道动作的承受者时。
When we got there, the room had been cleaned already.
不必要说出或出于礼貌不便说出动作的执行者时。
I was told that you were not honest enough.
3)有必要突出或强调动作的承受者时。
You were asked to answer this question.
16.if与whether:if和whether均可用于宾语从句中，意为“是否”;if用于条件句中，表示“如果”，不能和or连用;whether常与or连用，表示两种条件或情况。
【扩展】if not..如果不是…,表示惊讶或憎恶等情绪;if only意为“若…那就好了，我多么希望…”相当于how I wish;only..if..意为“决不…除非…”
If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I should not be speaking to you now.如果不是医生的照顾，我现在就不会和你说话了。
第2篇：初二下册英语范文
一丶重点短语
1.argue v.争论;争吵 argue with sb.与某人吵架
I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。
2.① either adv.(用于否定句)也
He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either.他没有钱，我也没有。
I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。
② too 也(用于肯定或疑问句)
I’m a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老师，他也是老师。
3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人寻求某物;要……
Don't ask for food every day.Go and find some work. 别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。
I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。
4.the same as... 与……相同 (注意前后两个比较对象的属性保持一致)
The clothes are the same as my friends'.这些衣服与我朋友的一样。
Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna. 汤姆和安娜一样大。
Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。
5.except 除……以外;(不包括……在内)
My class has been invited except me.除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him.除了他之外，全体同学都去过公园了。
They all traveled America except her. 除了她以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。
注意区别：besides 除……以外，还有...(包括在内)
We all went there besides him.除他去以外，我们也都去了。
(= He went there.We went there, too.) 他也去了，我们也去了!/大家都去了!
There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5名访客 (加上我是6个)
6.wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合适的
─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
─ I've got a headache.我头痛。
What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。
注意：What’s the matter with you?= What’s wrong with you ?=What’s the trouble with you? 你怎么了?/你出什么事了?
7.get on(well) with sb.与某人相处(融洽)
get on ( well ) with sth 某事进展地好
The students will get on well with the teacher.学生会和老师相处得非常好。
How are you going on with your new friends? 你和你的新朋友相片如何 ?
These days ,Mr Green gets on well with his new job.
这些天，格林先生的工作进展很顺利
8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.与某人打架
I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。
They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。二、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter.
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue.
三、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 (借回来)
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth 把某物借给某人 (借出去)
注： borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指该句的主语把某物(往外)借给别人用
例如：Could you lend me your car?
=Could you lend your car to me?
请你借给我你的车用一下好吗?
2. ①get sb. to do… 使……做(以人为对象时，有“说服……使做……”的含义)
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。
You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do… 邀请(人)做……
We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事 例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。
3、be in style 时髦的，流行的
be out of style 过时的，不时髦的
例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。 四、课文解释
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。
此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流
On the phone 在电话里 。不能使用 in the phone、
eg. They talk about a lot on the phone yesterday.
他们昨天在电话里谈了很多
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券 (注意to 译为：...的)
eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out (经过某人的研究、努力)发现，查出，找出
You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请(信)
此句中else一词不能单独使用，它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”
eg. What else 别的什么， Who else 其他谁 someone else 其他人
9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，应用陈述语序 (即 ：主语+动词)
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”
请背熟以下两个常见结构： I don’t know what to do .我不知道该做什么。
I don’t know how to do it. 我不知道该怎么去做它。
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。
leave sth. +介词短语，是“把……忘在，落在(某处)的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。
注：千万不能根据汉语的说法写为：forget sth ,只能用leave sth.’表示“落下”
13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。
Try to do…努力做，试着做，尽量做
而try not to do 是尽量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。
14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。
enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够……的” (后置)
eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。
15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下
16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事 (强调动作正在进行)
See sb do sth 看见某人做过某事 (强调动作已结束)
eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球
17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做……(事)很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难
注：it 初中阶段常作：形式主语 /形式宾语 ，而句子真正的主语/宾语则由to do 来担当. 练习题
一丶单项选择
1. I’m not good at math. I really don’t know________.
A. what should I do B.how should do C.what to do
2. My best friend is the same________. We are both 12 years old.
A. as my age B.age as me C.as me age
3. Can you________ what time the meeting starts?
A.find out B.look after C.find
4. My mother knows little about fashion. Her clothes are always________
A.in style B. Out of style C.new and smart
5. Dad, I don’t have enough money to buy a CD. Could you________me some?
A.borrow B.lend C.keep
6. Don’t argue________ your parents. It’s not polite.
A.to B.for C.with
7. “What should I do ?” “________ you could get________part-time job.”
A.Maybe ,a B.May be ,/ C.Really, a
8.-You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.
- It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep________ the rain.
A.in B.of C.out
9. It’s a beautiful coat. But he ________ only 30 dollars for it.
A. paid B.bought C.spent
10.The weather is________ for us to go swiming.
A.enough warm B.warm enough C.too warm
11.He________ his homework at home yesterday.
A. left B.leaves C.forgot
12. Could you give me________ to eat? I’’m hungry.
A.anything B.something C.some thing
13. If you are wrong, you should ________sorry ________others.
A. talk, to B.say, to C.speak, about
14. –I was told to be here before seven.
- Oh, you________ .I’m sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.
A. must B.can’t C.needn’t
15. – What’s wrong ________ your radio?
- It doesn’t work.
A. to B.with C.for
二丶根据首字母及句意完成单词。
1. We a________ with the taxi driver about the money yesterday.
2. Under the p________ of modern life, many people feel very tired.
3. Everyone went to play soccer e________ Tom ,because he doesn’t like it.
4. She didn’t go to bed u________her mother came back last night.
5. Julia f________ her test,so she was very upset.
三丶甩所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Don’t be stressed out. You should try ________ (be) relaxed.
2. Give me________ (free) or let me die
3. I plan to ________ (surprised) her at her birthday party.
4. Could you please ________ (pass) me those dumplings?
5. I’m very upset and don’t know what ________ (do).
四丶根据汉语完成句子。
1. 她生你的气了，所以你她打电话。
She _____ _____ _____ you, so you should _____ _____ _____.
2. 你能给我一些建议吗?
Could you give me _____ _____ ?
3. Henry很失落，不知道该怎么做。
Henry is very _____ and doesn’t know _____ _____ _____ .
4. 星期三詹姆斯把他的历史书落在家里了
James_____ his history book _____ _____ on _____.
第3篇：初二下册英语范文
一、选择填空(40)
( )1.________ travels around the earth.
A. The sun B. Moon C. Sun D. The moon
( ) 2.--Will there be more trees and less pollution in 100 years? --_______________.
A. Yes, there will. B. I hope not. C. Yes ,they will. D. No, I hope so.
( )3. _________ you climb, ________ views you’ll enjoy..
A. Taller, better B. The higher, the better
C. The less, the more beautiful D. The highest, the most beautiful
( )4. Both Yang Liwei and Nie Haisheng are famous Chinese ______and national _____.
A. astronauts; heros B. Young Pioneers; heroes C. astronauts; heroes
D. engineers; heros
( ).5 Some scientists think______to make robots look like people, and do the same things as us.
A. it hard B. that’s difficult C. that hard D. them difficult
( ).6. If you don’t go bike-riding with her , I ______.
A. don’t, too B. also don’t C. won’t, either D. don’t, neither
( ).7. . Don’t run or shout ________ the party，or we’ll ask you_______
A. at: leaving B. in ; to leave C. during ; to leave D. during; leave
( ).8.If I play sports ______a living, maybe I will sometimes get ______.
A. for ; injured B. at ; hurt C. by; injured D. of ; bored
( ) 9. ----I can’t find my dictionary _________ .
------Oh, I forgot to tell you. Jenny ______ yesterday.
A. somewhere; gave it back B. anywhere; returned it
C. anywhere; took it away D. everywhere; borrow it
( ) 10. She doesn’t talk to me. I’m_______ and don’t know what _____.
A. disappointing , to do B. upset; to do
C. disappointed ; to do it D. amazed; should I do
( ) 11. We should practice speaking English ___ possible.
A. as many as B. as most as C. as more as D. as often as
( ) 12. This time yesterday the police _________ for the lost kid outside the city.
A. were thinking about looking B. was thinking about looking
C. thought to look D . found out
( ) 13. He ________ theatre tickets ______ he was 11 years old.
A. have collected; for B. has been collected; since
C. has been collecting; when D. has been collecting; since
( ) 14. She doesn’t care_____ her clothes are out of style.
A. if B. what C. why D. how( ) 15.. I’m really sorry I can’t join you in visiting the factory. I’m free every day ______ today.
A. except B. besides C. for D. without
( )16.Tim was so tired this morning. It was difficult for him _________ of bed.
A. gets over B. to get up C. to get out D. got away
( )17.---- What did your son say in the letter?
----- He told me that he _____ the Great Wall the next day.
A. will visit B. had visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
( ) 18.What ___ our life ___ in ten years?
A. does, like B. is, like C. will, like D. will, be like
( ) 19. Your answer _________ right. But in fact it’s wrong.
A. becomes B. seems C. hears D. listens
( ) 20. We used a ____ to send Shenzhou Ⅵ into space.
A. spaceship B. rocket C. plane D. train
( ) 21.While she __________, the earthquake took place in Japan.
A. cooked food for me B. is having a bake sale
C. was talking on the phone D. were arguing with her mom
( )22.The teacher said I could do better _____ English .
A. in B. at C. on D. for
( )23.There _____ two free movies at the Cinema Palace this afternoon. Half the class will go.
A. are going to be B. will have C. is going to be D. is going to have
( )24.. -----How will you go to the Museum of Flight tomorrow?
------If it ______ tomorrow ,I’ll go there by bike.
A. won’t rain B. rain C. rains D. doesn’t rain
( )25 Our parents and teachers should always _________ the teenagers. They need us.
A. there for B. plan for C. wait for D. be there for
( ) 26. I don’t like shop assistants to _______. If this happens, I’ll leave as _____ as possible.
A. watch me at the same time; happily B. follow me all the time; soon
C. welcome me everywhere; late D. pay for me; quickly
( )27. ------Whom could I _______ help if I am in trouble or danger?
-----The police, of course.
A. ask for B. leave for C. get from D. keep out
( )28 In fact I had a really hard time _______with my new classmates last semester.
A.to get on well B. getting on well C. to hang out D. got on well
( )29 Teachers are always trying their best to make _______ for us to understand what they teach.
A. it easy B. themselves easy C. that possible D. it easily
( )30.. He asked _______.
A .how did that happen B. where his jacket was
C. why they won’t join us D. whether is the weather fine here.
( )31. What did the teacher say?
He said that light______faster than sound
A. traveled B. travels C. travel D. traveling
( ) 32. _____France sure to win the next World Cup?------It’s hard to say..
A. Will B. Does C. Is D. Was
( ) 33. The twins could have a bake sale to pay for education at the age of 7 .”Could” means_______
A. should B. be able C. was able to D. were able to
( ) 34. It took me a long time to _______ my headache., which lasted around a month.
A. .care for B. keep out C. look for D. get over
( ) 35. ----Did you see the girl in red pass by just now?
---- No, I________ my math problem.
A. read B. was experiencing C .was working on D. was thinking
( ) 36. Traveling can ______ our eyes _____ the outside world. -----That’s true.
A. call up; for B. use up; in C. clean up ;into D. open up; to
( ) 37. You must bring your ID cards to the library, or you will ______.
A. keep out B. be kept out C. get bored D. let out
( ) 38. Students _______ smoke anywhere, even outside the school.
A. aren’t supposed to B. suppose to C. are supposed to D. shouldn’t to
( ) 39. ______ the way, did you _____ Chinese food and your family when you were in Greece?
A. By; miss B. In; think C. On ; find D. to; eat
( )40. _______ a scientist called Einstein who had more than 1000 inventions?
A. Are you heard B. Have you heard of
C. Do you hear about D. Will you hear 二. 完型填空 (10分)
Once there was a father and a son. They were ill-tempered(坏脾气的) and never gave way (让步) to 41.
One day the father 42. to ask some friends to dinner in his house. He 43. his son to buy some meat in town. When the son walked to the town gate, a man was coming from the outside. The gate wasn’t 44. enough to let two men in and out at the same time. But neither of them 45. ___ give way to the other. They stood face to face inside the gate hour after hour. But the father was worried. “What 46. I do? My son hasn’t come yet. I can’t wait any more.” He wanted to know what was the matter with his son. So he 47______his friends at home , and went to town 48 his son.
“You may first take the 49. home for my friends .Let me 50 here against him instead (代替)of you.” He said to his son when he knew what had happened.
( )41. A. others B. another C. other D. one
( )42. A. decided B. decides C. decide D. decision
( )43. A. made B. told C. let D. tells
( )44. A .small B. big C high D .tall
( )45. A.. would B. should C. must D. could
( )46. A .do B. will C. to D. should
( )47. A. forgot B. made C. left D. lost
( )48. A .to look for B. looked for C. to find D. found
( )49 .A. meat B. dinner C. bread D. money
( )50 .A. keep B. to stand C. stand D. being三：阅读理解(15分) (A )
A school report
Name：Edward Scott School: Kelvin High School
Grade: 8 Term ending: 6 May
Science:
He can work out many difficult problems. Well done! (做得好)
English:
He is the best in the class. Keep it up(保持).
French:
His reading is very good, he can remember many words.
History:
He is not so good at this, but has done better than before.
Geography:
He is familiar(熟悉的) with the names of many places in the world.
Music:
He doesn’t like pop songs, though sings very well.
No. in class: 9 absences: 8
Remarks(评语): Edward is able to do a lot better.
He needs to do more work next semester.
Class teacher: Ivy
Principal: M. L. Martin
School reopens: 1 September
( )51. After reading this, we know it is ________________.
A. a studying plan of Edward Scott B. a teaching plan of Ivy
C. a report card of Edward Scott D. a working plan of M. L. Martin
( ) 52. Which subject is not mentioned(提到) in the report?
A. PE B. Music C. Math D. History
( ) 53. Edward’s best subject is _________________.
A. science B. English C. geography D. French
( )54. Edward is not so good at ________________.
A. science and geography B. math and history
C. history and French D. music and English
( )55. Which sentence is not true?
A. Edward can’t sing songs very well.
B. B. Edward doesn’t do well in science.
C. Edward can do better if he works harder next term.
D. Edward learns two languages at school.
(B)
I’ll tell you a story about a Chinese student. It happened when he studied in England. His family name was Sun. It is S-U-N, just the same as the “sun”, the sun in the sky.
England is a country with bad weather. It is often cloudy or misty(多雾的) and it rains now and again. So people don’t get much sunshine in the year.
When the Chinese student arrived at London Airport, a tall English policeman with a long face checked his passport(护照). The policeman was interested in the Chinese name “Sun”. So he said to the Chinese student, “ I see your name is Sun. You are wanted here.”
What a surprise to hear that! Everybody knows if you are wanted by the police, you must have broken the law. So he asked the policeman, “ Is there anything wrong with my passport? Do I have to go back to China right now?”
“Go back?” shouted the policeman. “ Now that(既然) you are here, we’ll never let you go away.”
“What happened? What I have done?” asked the Chinese student in surprise. He thought he was going to be arrested(被捕). Then the policeman began to smile. He said, “ You don’t know what you have done, Mr Sun? You’ve brought sunshine to England. So we don’t want you to go away.”
( ) 56. This story took place ______________.
A. at London Airport B. at a university C. in the street D. at a station
( )57. Why does England want the sun? Because ________________________.
A. England is often cloudy. B. England is often misty.
C. England never rains. D. Both A and B.
( )58. Mr Sun was very ____________ when he heard that he was wanted.
A. angry B. happy C. surprised D. tired
( ) 59. Why did the policeman said that he wouldn’t let Mr Sun go away?
A. Because Mr Sun had broken the law.
B. Because the policeman knew Mr. Sun and was friendly to him.
C. Because there is no Mr Sun in England.
D. Because the policeman liked Mr Sun’s family name and thought Mr Sun would bring sunshine to England.
( ) 60. Which one is right?
A. At last the policeman arrested Mr Sun.
B. At last Mr Sun stayed in England and studied there.
C. At last Mr Sun left England. (C)
In 1896, the first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece. Since then many countries have successfully held the Olympics, such as England, France, Germany, Canada, the USA, Spain and Australia. After more than a century the Games returned to its hometown in 2004.
When people hold the Olympic Games, they always make an emblem(会徽). The emblem of the Athens Olympic Games that year was a white circle of olive branches(橄榄枝) in the sky.
Athens developed a spirit(精神) of peace. An officer said, “ While in Athens, the world should be at peace. We hope the peace is not just for a short time. We would like the message from Athens Games to help countries come together and solve(解决) their problems.”
4 years later, the Olympic Games was held in China. And China made a seal as the emblem of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The emblem has a Chinese character on a red seal and means “Chinese seal—dancing Beijing”. Below it, there are the words “Beijing 2008”. The character in the emblem is “Jing”. It means “capital” of China, and it is also like a runner or a dancer. The running figure(人形) of the emblem shows the spirit if the Olympics—faster, higher and stronger.
( )61. Which country held the first modern Olympic Games?
A. Greece B. China C. Australia D. France
( ) 62. What do people always make when they hold the Olympic games?
A. A picture. B. An emblem. C. A flag. D. A map.
( ) 63. What message did the Athens Olympic Games want to give?
A. War(战争). B. Luck. C. Danger. D. Peace.
( ) 64. What does the character in the emblem of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games look like?
A. A singer and a dancer. B. A runner and a dancer.
C. An actor and a singer. D. A runner and an actor.
( ) 65. The spirit of the Olympic Games is __________________.
A. history and friendship B. faster, higher and stronger
C. running and dancing D. peace, friendship and development
四. 补全对话 从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个答案完成对话。(5分)
A: Hi, Xiao Ming! How is it going?
B: 66. _______________
A: The summer vacation is coming. 67.____________
B: Well, mum is going to take me to Dalian.
A: 68._______________
B: She says Dalian is a modern city with beautiful beaches and squares and it is cooler in summer.
A: How are you going there?
B: 69._________________
A: How wonderful! I have never taken a plane. That must be fun.
B: And exciting as well.
A: So you are doing the shopping for the trip?
B: Yes, I want to buy a pair of sports shoes and glasses.
A: They are necessary in a seaside city. 70. _____________________
B: Thank you. See you.
( ) 66. A. Fine, and you? B. How do you do?
C. Not too bad. D. Nice to meet you.
( ) 67. A. What did you do? B. what have you done?
C. What are you going to do? D. What do you do?
( ) 68. A. When are you going there? B. How are you going there?
C. Why are you going there? D. What’s the weather like there?
( ) 69. A. We are going there by air. B. We want to go there by train.
C. We plan to get there on the sea. D. What about going there by car?
( ) 70. A. Have a good trip. B. Nice day!
C. Take care of yourself. D. Be careful during the trip第二卷(50分)
五. 拼写单词 根据句意和所给音标写出单词。(5分)
71. He has to _______ / stɔp /his collection because of running out of money.
72. -Look! The kids are selling newspapers to raise money for _________/’tʃæriti /
73. You will find many old buildings in German _______/ stail/ in the east of the city.
74. . Science is one of my favorite ___________ / `sʌbdʒiktz/. How about yours?
75. Many rich people ________ / kəm’plein/.that they are not as happy as they were.
六. 选词填空 (10分)
A. 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的单词填空，不变形。
A few tears ago, Medvedev (梅德韦杰夫) took over from Vladimir Putin (普京). At the age of 42, he became the youngest president of modern 76_______. Medvedev was_77______ to a family of_78_______. He read a lot from a young age. After university, the soft-spoken young man went on to teach 79____ at university and became very popular with his students. In 2005, Medvedev became the first deputy prime minister (第一副总理). But he was as friendly as before. “He has not __80______. He invited me to his home,” said Vera Smirnova, Medvedev’s first teacher. “In Russia, only two politicians (政治家) have invited their first teachers to their homes, Medvedev and Putin.”
B阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的单词填空，变形!!!
Pass Argue get have stay
A generous gap(代沟) has become a serious problem. I read a report about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed themselves after 81_______ with parents. I think this is because they don’t often have a talk with each other. Parents now spend more time in the office, It seems that they don’t have much time 82______ with their children. As time 83_____, they both feel that they don’t have the same topic(话题) to talk about. I want to tell parents to be more careful with your children, try to know them and 84 ____ on well them. And for children, show your love to your parents. They are the people who love you. So tell them your thoughts(思想). In this way, you 85 ______ a better understanding of each other.
七：填空(每空一词)(5分)
A：Who’s your best friend?
B：My best friend is Xiao Li, but last week we had a big __86____and now he isn’t talking to me.
A：How did it 87 ?
B：It all started when he asked me 88 he could copy my homework.
A：Why did he want to do that?
B：He said he had forgotten to do _89_____.
A：What did you do then?
B：I told him that it was not a good idea for him to copy my homework..
A：Did he think so?
B：No, he 90_______ really mad at me and said that he didn’t want to be my friend anymore..
八 句型转换(每句一分：7分)
91They were planning a surprise party for their mother.(一般问句).
_______ ________ planning a surprise party for their mother?
92 He has been listening to English songs since three years ago. (划线提问).
____ ___ ______ ______ he been listening to English songs?
93 I didn’t have enough time to finish the test papers.(同义句)
I ______ ______ _______ time to finish the test papers.
94 Why are you against getting the same haircut as she does? (同义句)
Why don’t you _______ ______ _____ the same haircut as she does?
95 “ Does it seem to be a dream job?” Tom asked mother. (同义句)
Tom asked mother ______ it _______ ______ a dream job.
.96. The flight took off after the clouds lifted (同义句)
The flight ______ ______ off ______ the clouds lifted.
97. “I don’t think it good to copy others’ homework. ” Jack said to me. (同义句)
Jack ______ me that ______ _____ think it good to copy others’ homework九 完成句子(每两空一分，8分)
98 期末考第一。他的梦想成真了。
He came top in the ____________ exams. His dream ______ _______.
99迟早你会爱上集邮的。
Sooner or later, you _____ ______ ______ love with stamp collecting.
100不会相信昨晚球票免费。
You won’t believe it ,but the tickets ______ the ball game______ _______ last night.
101我相信他当时很了解此种压力。
I was sure that he knew a lot _______ ________ __________at that time.
102. 他们默默沿街走着，不知该说啥。
They were walking down the street______ _______ and didn’t know what ______ talk _____.
十. 任务型阅读 (5分)
Have you ever studied abroad? Maybe it is an 107_____(amaze) experience, especially when you come to Australia as an foreign high school student. You can have a lot of fun there, especially on holidays.
There are many festivals in Australia. The most important one is Christmas. Each year, the summer holidays at every high school 108 l____ about two months from the beginning of December to February ,which covers the Christmas time. Since it is a long holiday, most foreign students in Australia love to fly back to their home countries to spend the time with their families and friends, but a few students still stay in Australia during the holiday to get part-time jobs. It is quite easy to find a part-time job at Christmas. Students often take part in another major social activity. They go to the beach to have fun in the sunshine. The summer in Australia is from December to February, so going to the beach in December is very popular among Australians.
Easter in March is another important holiday in the year.It actually combines “Good Friday”and “Easter Monday”.Almost every shop closes on Good Friday.And people usually go to see Easter Show.
The Chinese new year is not a public holiday in Australia,so every Chinese student still has to go to school to study and do his or her normal duties.
第4篇：初二下册英语范文
第二部分 基础知识运用五、选择填空A. 从下面方框中选出与下列各句中划线部分意思相同或相近、并能替换划线部分的选项。(共4小题，每小题1分，计4分)A. in style B. one more C. return it D. took place26. Let’ see another one on the line.27. When will you give it back to me.28. The murder happened about thirty years ago.29. Her clothes are always fashionable.B. 从各题的A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。 (共17小题，每小题1分，计17分)30. There ____ a meeting at 4 o’clock this afternoon.A.will haveB.will beC.will to be31. The man doesn’t have ____, so he is _____.A.enough friends, lonely enoughB.friends enough, enough lonelyC. enough friends, alone enough32. Mother ____ while father ______ his car.A.was cooking, washedB.cooked, was washingC.was cooking, was washing33. I was never ______receive a _______result from my science teacher.A.surprised, disappointedB.surprised, disappointingC.surprising, disappointed34. You are tired. ______a rest?A. Why stop to haveB.Why not stop to haveC.Why not stop having35.---What did your son say in the letter?---He told me that he ______the Great Wall the next day?A.will visitB.has visitedC.would visit36. --- ____borrow your dictionary?--- Yes, you can ____ it for two days.A.May, keepB.Can, borrowC.May, borrow37.--- Didn’t the sleeping pills work?---_____. I slept well last night.A.Yes, they doB.Yes , they didC.No, they didn’t38. Lisa was supposed ____ her homework before nine o’clock. But she couldn’t.A.to finishB.to finishingC.finishing39. ---I’m sorry I _____my exercise book at home.---Don’t forget ____it here tomorrow, please.A.forgot, to takeB.left, to bringC.left, to take40. _____ useful invention the computer is!A.What aB.What anC.How a41. I don’t know if she _____. If she_____, let me know.A.comes, comesB.will come, comesC.comes, will come42. We ____1000 English words since we ____ to this school.A.lean, comeB.have learning, cameC.have learned, came43. ---Would you please ____ football near my home?---___________.A.not to play, NoB.not play, Yes, I will do that againC.not play, Sorry, I won’t do that again44. Mr. Green told us ____ too much time_____ reading novels.A.don’t take, onB.not to take, inC.not to spend, in45. Neither the students nor the teacher ____ the answer to the question.A.knowB.knowsC.doesn’t know46. Mr. Jack ____China for several years.A.has been toB.has come toC.has been inB. 补全对话。根据对话内容，从右边方框中选出适当的选项补全对话，并将选项的编号字母依次填写在答题卡相应的位置上。(共4小题，每小题1分，计4分)A. I will be an astronaut.B. I will fly rockers to the space.C. What do you think your life will be like in the future?D. But where will you live?L: Do you know Shenzhou-9 has been set up into space successfully?___47.___K: I think _____48_______L: An astronaut? Are you kidding?K: No, I am serious. Perhaps we will have personal rockets. ____49____May be there will be flights to other planets.L: Oh, that sounds great!_____50_____K: I will live on a space station.L: I think it will be very interesting.K: I’m sure.六、完型填空。分别通读下面两篇短文，根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。 (共20小题，每小题1分;计20分)A.Not long ago, there was a story in Russia about ZHOYA and SHULA. They were sister and brother. They were in 51 same class of a middle school. They studied hard. They were 52 strict 53 themselves. Their homework was given the day before. SHULA was clever. He had done his homework earlier. But ZHOUYA hadn’t yet. The next afternoon she went on doing hers.SHULA thought his sister maybe couldn’t finish some of the exercises. So he put his exercise-book with answers on his sister’s desk before ZHOYA came in the classroom, and went out quietly to play. A few minutes later, ZHOYA came in and saw her brother’s exercise-book on her desk. But she had never looked at it all. She sat on her seat, thinking and thinking. Five minutes, ten minutes, half an hour had ___54 . An hour and a half 55 , she worked out all problem at last and handed it in on time that afternoon. How happy she was!“Why not copy my key down in 56 , sister?” asked SHULA with a smile. “No, I didn’t. I must use my head and try my 57 to 58 all by myself. I’m sure, I can 59 a way. I don’t like to be lazy in 60 homework,” answered ZHOYA.51. A.aB.anC.the52. A.bothB.eitherC.all53. A.onB.withC.in54. A.pastB.passC.passed55. A.laterB.lateC.latterly56. A.youB.yoursC.your57. A.goodB.betterC.best58. A.work them outB.work out themC.work them off59. A.look forB.findC.found60. A.doingB.to doC.doneB.For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job. __61 you become a professional athlete, you’ll be able to 62 by doing something you love. If you become famous, people 63 the world will know you. Many athletes give money to 64 , and do a lot of work to help people. This is a great 65 that many people do not have.However, professional athletes can also have many 66 . if you are famous, people will 67 you all the time and follow you everywhere. This can make life difficult.If you play sports 68 a living, your job will sometimes be very dangerous. Many professional athletes 69 . And if you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing 70 . In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy. They say they were happier before they became rich and famous.61. A.IfB.WhatC.How62. A.doing a livingB.do a livingC.make a living63. A.overB.allC.around64. A.hospitalsB.charitiesC.old people’s homes65. A.topicB.influenceC.chance66. A.problemsB.adviceC.tragedy67. A.lookB.watchC.know68. A.fromB.inC.for69. A.injuredB.get injuredC.get painful70. A.who are your real friendsB.who your real friends areC.what your real friends are第三部分 阅读理解 (共15小题，计30分)七、阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子正误。正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”。(共5小题，每小题2分;计10分)Do you remember your dreams? Do people have the same dream? Why do we dream? There are many questions about dreams. We dream during the REM (rapid (快的) eye movement stage (阶段) of sleep. We have about five periods of REM sleep during the night. The first REM cycle (周期) lasts about 10 minutes.As the night goes on, the REM cycle gets longer. By early morning, the REM cycle can last up to 90 minutes. Usually it is in this last REM cycle that we remember our dreams.Dreams change as people age. People may have several dreams each night. Some are like films and usually in color. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something and trying to find the answer. Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can't remember the dreams clearly.It is reported that too much dreaming is bad for our health. The more we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work. That is why we may have a long sleep and feel tired when we wake up.( )71. We dream during the REM stage of sleep.( )72. Children aged eight or nine have the same dreams as people aged thirty.( )73. All the dreams are usually in color like films.( )74. The longer we dream, the better we sleep.( )75. Too much dreaming is bad for our health.ABBBA八、阅读下面两篇短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。(共10小题，每小题2分;计20分)A.One morning, a blind (瞎的) boy sat on the steps of building with a hat by his feet. He held a sign which said, "I am blind, please help me."There were only a few coins in the hat. A man was walking by. He took out a few coins from his pocket and dropped them into the hat. He then took the sign, turned it around, and wrote some words on it. He put the sign back so that everyone who walked by could see the new words.Soon the hat began to fill up. A lot more people were giving money to the blind boy. That afternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see how things were. The boy recognized his footsteps and asked, "Are you the one who changed my sign in the morning? What did you write?"The man said, "I only wrote the truth. I said what you said, but in a different way."What he had written was, "Today is a beautiful day, but I cannot see it."Do you think the first sign and second sign were saying the same thing?Of course both signs told people the boy was blind. But the first sign simply told people to help by putting some money in the hat. The second sign told people that they were able to enjoy the beauty of the day, but the boy could not enjoy it because he was blind.The first sign simply said the boy was blind, while the second sign told people they were so lucky that they were not blind.There are at least two lessons we can learn from this simple story.The first is: Treasure (珍惜) what you have. Someone else has less. Try your best to help those who need your help.The second is: Be creative. Think differently. There is always a better way.76. From the passage we know that _____.A. the boy always has hat on his head.B. the man is one of his friends.C. the boy is blind and needs help.77. On the sign the man wrote some words which said, "_____."A. He is blind. Please help him.B. Today is a beautiful day, but I cannot see it.C. We are so lucky that we are not blind.78. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. The hat began to fill up after the man wrote some words on the sigh.B. The man took away the few coins from the hat.C. The boy pretended to be blind, for he didn't want to go to school.79. The underlined word "recognized" in the passage means _____.A. 知道B. 懂事C. 辨认出80. According to the writer, from this simple story we can learn:A. Be creative. There is always a better way.B. Be kind to the blind.C. Don’t’ always get, but offer.B.Mr. Jenkins is a farmer. One day he drives his truck to town and on the way his truck knocked down a boy and hurt(弄伤) him. He takes the boy to a hospital and he pays a lot of money for that, but the boy’s parents want to get more money from him, so they say their son can’t lift(举起) his right arm above his head.Mr. Jenkins’ lawyer comes and asks the boy some questions. “Now, my boy,” he says, “Mr. Jenkins’ truck knocks you down in the street.”“Yes, sir,” he says.“And you can’t lift your right arm now?”“Yes, sir,” he says.“Could you show how high you can lift your right arm?”Slowly the boy lifts his right arm before his nose.“Poor boy,” says the lawyer, “And how high can you lift before the accident?”“Oh, I can lift it very high.” Says the boy, and the right hand goes up high above his head.81. Mr. Jenkins’ truck knocks down ________.A. a lawyerB. a boy’s fatherC. a boy82. The boy’s parents want to get ________ from him.A. more trucksB. more moneyC. more monkeys83. Mr. Jenkins’ lawyer asks the boy to ______.A. ask some questionsB. answer some questionsC. lift his left arm84. The boy says he can’t lift his _________ now.A. right armB. left armC. right foot85. There is _______ wrong with the boy.A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingB 卷(非选择题;50分)一、完成对话。在对话空格中填上适当的单词，使对话完整正确;一空一词(含缩写词)。(共10小题，每小题1分;计1分。请将所有使用的单词直接填写在答题卡相应题号的位置上)A: Hi! Welcome to my house, Millie! Let me show you 1 it.B: Thanks, Andy. I saw the photo of your house before. It’s great than on the photos. It’s quite 2 from my flat in Beijing.A: Come here. This is my 3 .B: Oh, it is very big. You have a very large bed in your room. That 4 you can stay with your friends in the room.A: Yes. And I have a wardrobe. It is 5 the desk and window.B: Where is your sitting room。A: Come with me. We have many things in it, such as TV, sofa etc.B: Where do you do your homework?A: In my study. Look, I have a computer. I can 6 me with my lessons.B: Do you have your 7 bathroom?A: Yes, it’s over there. Now let’s go to the garden.B: Oh, there are so many 8 beautiful flowers. Who grows 9 ?A: My mother.B: I hope to have a house like 10 .二、短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词，并将其正确形式填写在答题卡相应题号的位置上，使短文意思正确通顺(每词限用一次)。(共10个小题，每小题1分;计10分)somebody final tower how must carecall interesting like fix have happenI often dreamed about Pisa when I was a boy. I read about the famous building 1 the Leaning Tower of Pisa. But when I read the word Pisa, I was thinking of pizza .I thought this tower was a place to buy pizza. It 2 be the best place to buy pizza in the world, I thought.Many years later I 3 saw the Leaning Tower. I knew then that it was Pisa and no pizza. But there was still something special about it for me .The tower got its name because it really did lean to one side. Some people want to try to 4 it. They are afraid it may fall over and they don’t like it leans over the city.I do not think it’s a good idea to try to fix it. The tower probably will not fall down. It is 600 years old. Why should anything 5 to it now? And, if you ask me, I like what it looks 6 . To me it is a very human kind of leaning. 7 is perfect. It seems to say.And who 8 ? Why do people want things to be perfect? Imperfect things may be 9 . Let’s take the tower in Pisa. Why is it so famous? There are many other older, more beautiful 10 in Italy. But Pisa tower is the most famous. People come from all over the world to see it.三、阅读表达(共20小题;计15分)A. 阅读排序。阅读下列各句，根据其句首或首段提示，请将选项A-E按其内容重新排列顺序， 使其构成意思完整正确、逻辑顺序合理的语篇。(共10小题，每小题0.5分，计5分)Do you know the game “Rock, paper or scissors”?Maybe you think it’s just a simple game for children. But in fact, some adults use it to make decisions and solve their problems. It is also popular in many countries.1._______2.________3_______4_________5_________There is even an international club named the World Rock Paper Scissors Club in Toronto. The club makes “Rock, paper or scissors” more and more popular. It holds the world championship (锦标赛) every year. Top players from around the world take part in it and the champion (冠军) can get a lot of money and the honor of all the fans of “Rock, paper or scissors”.A. In 1842, England founded the Paper Scissors Stone Club.B. Later it came to Europe in the middle of the 18th century.C. From then on people could get together to play the game for honor (荣誉)D. There are different stories about the history of the game.E. But many people believe the game came from Japan, and Japanese have played it for a long time.B.根据短文内容，从短文后的选择中，选出5个适当的选项补全短文(共5小题，每小题1分;计5分)Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had. 11 .When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my weding and Linda’s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped " Address (地址) Unknown. ” 12 .Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share happiness of my children and then grandchildren 13 There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda’s married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but J still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs Tobin!” 14 Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other’s lives. 15 And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!A. she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother. ”B. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died.C. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.D. Now the empty place in my heart is filled.E. I missed her so much that I always burst into tears.F. I had no idea how to find Linda.C.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息，(共5个小题，每小题1分;计5分)All my friends at school smoked. My dad smoked, he didn't want me to smoke, but my friends kept saying I was stupid.They asked when I was going to grow up. So I started to smoke when I was sixteen and after a month I couldn't stop. But two years later I could feel what smoking was doing to me. I couldn't run far, and I coughed every morning. I got very ill and decided to stop. It wasn't easy, but now I've done it, and I feel better. Now I have money for other things.If you smoke, you are twice as likely to die from a heart attack. And the more you smoke, the earlier the heart attack is likely to be. For example, a 50-year-old person who smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day, is four times more likely to have heart disease than a non-smoker of the same age.What does smoking do to the heart? First of all, it makes the heart beat faster and increases the blood pressure. The cigarette smoke also reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. Consequently, the heart has to work harder, with less oxygen. Finally, your arteries will narrow faster if you smoke.So if you want to reduce your chances of getting heart disease, the answer is easy, not to smoke. Don't copy your friends and other people who smoke. If you smoke, find out how to stop. Stopping isn't easy, but you'll be healthier.Why I started smokingall my friends at school smoked and they 16 me.When I started smokingat the 17How I felt while smokingI wasn’t 18 far and cough every morning.What smoking do to heartIt makes the heart beat faster and increase the blood pressure.it reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood.your arteries will narrow faster because of 1920 I kept smokingfor over two years四、书面表达(计15分)假如你是王琳，你在英国的朋友John来信说他正面临选择，他不知道下一年是继续上学还是成为一名职业歌手。以下是他本学期的成绩单，请帮他分析一下并提出你的建议。80-100词John’s report cardSubjectGradeComments:Math:Bhard-workinglazy studentcan do bettergood studentSpanish:CScience:CHistoryA要求：1. 描述成绩单2. 帮他分析继续上学和成为职业歌手的利弊3. 提出你的建议4. 邀请暑假到中国来。【参考答案】选择填空A.26-29 BCDAB.30-35 BACBBC 36-40 ABABA 41-46 BCCCBAC.47-50 CABD完形填空51-55 CABCA 56-60 BCABA 61-65 ACCBC66-70 ABCBB阅读理解71-75 ABBBA 76-80 CBACA 81-85 CBBAC完成对话1. around2. different3. bedroom4.means5.beside6. help7. own8. kinds of9. them10. yours短文填空：1. called2. must3. finally4. to fix5.happen6. like7. Nothing8. cares9. more interesting10. towers*以上每小题1分;用词意思正确给0.5分，形式正确再给0.5分阅读表达：A. 阅读排序 1-5 DEBAC 6-10 ECADBB. 补全短文 11-15CFBADC. 完成表格16. laughed at17. age of sixteen18. able to run19. smoking20. How long书面表达 (略)
第5篇：初二下册英语范文
1. 形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视：
a) 表示A与B在程度上相同时， “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时，可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。
b) 表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时，可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构
c) 表示三者或三者以上的比较，其中一个在程度上“最…..”时，常用“the+形容词或副词的级”结构，后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意：副词的级在句中常省略“the”.)
d) 在形容词或副词的比较级前，可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰，以加强语气。
e) 表示“越来越….”时，常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，但要注意，对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，副词而言，若要表达此意时，要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。
f) 在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时，常使用 “one of+the+形容词级形式+名词复数”结构，其中的定冠词the不可以省略。
g) 如果强调“两者中比较…的(一个)”的意思时，可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。
h) 表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级，the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。
2 .一般将来时
a) 一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll， will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑问结构可表示如下：
肯定句否定句疑问句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时，表示将要发生的事，打算或决定要做的事。
b)一般将来时的用法：1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2) 不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。
3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以与将来时态连用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法区别：more为many, much的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级，意为“更好，较少”，修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级，意为“更少”，修饰可数名词复数。
【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点，几个”。
5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“; would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时，其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”
6. Such作形容词，意思是“如此的”“这样的”，修饰各种名词。
Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。
Such常和as搭配，表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。
Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配，表示“如此….以至于…”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词，所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
a) 如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，such和so的位置不同：
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词
b) 如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数，只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词
c) 如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时，用so，不用such.
第6篇：初二下册英语范文
一. 英汉词组互译：
1. 求助于老师_________ 2. 提高英语能力_________
3. learn English by watching English-language video ________________
4. 朗读__________ 5. memorize the words of pop songs__________
6. feel differently__________ 7. 加入英语俱乐部__________
8. have conversations with friends__________
9. 做一个调查__________ 10. to begin with__________
二. 选择填空：
1. Grandpa is getting old and he has trouble ________ what others say to him.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. have heard
2. Some students were afraid _________ in class because they thought their classmates might laugh at them.
A. of speak B. to speak C. speak D. to speaking
3. English is popular around the world and most people speak it ________ a second language.
A. as B. like C. for D. by
4. I haven’t seen the movie and my brother hasn’t _______.
A. too B. either C. also D. yet
5. Do you know _______? At 8:00 a.m.
A. who to talk with B. when to have a meeting
C. what to do next D. where to go swimming
6. Watching English movies isn’t a bad way to learn English because learners can watch the actors ________ the words.
A. saying B. say C. to say D. to saying
7. The box was _________ heavy for me ________ lift.
A. so, that B. too, to C. too, too D. to, too
8. She thinks the best way _________ English is ________ English magazines.
A. to learn, read B. to learn, by reading
C. learning, reading D. learning, to read
9. He was ________ because English grammar is ________.
A. frustrated, frustrated B. frustrating, frustrating
C. frustrated, frustrating D. frustrating, frustrated
10. Practice makes perfect. It is _______ of becoming a successful learner.
A. one of the secret B. one of the secrets
C. one of secret D. one secrets
三. 用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
to begin with end up memorize feel
making mistakes practice trouble
write down improve laugh at
1. Well, _______, he shouldn’t even have been driving my car.
2. It gives students the opportunity to _______ speaking English.
3. Most slimmers ________ putting weight back on.
4. Don’t be afraid of ________ when you learn a foreign language.
5. He has a very good memory and it is said that he can ________ all the texts in this textbook.
6. This kind of paper _______ very soft.
7. He has so much ________ with writing. I’m never sure where the comma goes in a sentence.
8. Don’t ________ others’ shortcomings.
9. You should _______ new English words in a vocabulary list.
10. The best way to ________ your English is to join an English club.
四. 任务型阅读：
(一)
你知道外国学生怎样度假吗？请你读一读下面的介绍,并根据你读到的信息完成表格。
Take A Learning Vacation
How are you spending your next vacation? No plans? Then how about going to an overseas English language school, for example in the United States or the United Kingdom? Many schools offer short courses for students of all ages, from seven to seventy years old!
There are schools in small country towns, on college campuses, or in the middle of big cities.
Foreign students can stay in school buildings or with local families. Living with a family can be fun and can really help you learn.
Just think-you’ll get at least two hours a day of breakfast and dinner conversation with native speakers of English!
Classes are usually small with eight to ten students. Most afternoons you’ll have a choice of swimming, soccer and other outdoor games. The schools also arrange activities like day trips to museums and amusement parks. You’ll have a chance to improve your English and have fun at the same time!
Schools Families
living 1_____________ with local families
classes 2____________
activities 3______________
soccer and other out door games, day trips to museums and amusement parks two hours a day of breakfast and dinner conversation with native speakers of English!
help have a chance to improve your English and have fun at the same time 4___________
(二)
Turtles and tortoises have been on planet (星球)Earth even before the dinosaurs (恐龙). They are much older. The difference between a turtle and a tortoise is that the turtle stays in water while the tortoise stays on land. But both creatures have one thing in common: they have a long life, from 120 years to almost 200 years!
Some of them are huge, like the giant tortoises of the Galapagos Islands-they weigh beyond 200 kg; their shells are more than a meter long. The beauty is that they hatch(孵化)from eggs that are not bigger than a hen’s!
The manage to live so long because the important parts of their bodies do not become weak with age, as in the case of (就…来说)humans and birds. In fact, they continue to grow very, very slowly for as long as they live. Their body does not need much energy to survive (生存). They can live for long periods without water or food.
Turtles and tortoises face other risks (危险)to their life. After birth, their shells take some months to become hard. Till then, they are an easy prey for birds and fish. The other risk to their life comes from pollution (污染)of their living environment.
请根据短文填写下列表格：
Turtle Tortoise
Difference Stays in water 1.______
Common things 2. ___________________________
The reason of their long life 3. ___________________________
The risks of their life They are an easy prey for birds and fish before their shells become hard.
4. __________________
(三)
Finding the Best Pet
Which pet is the best pet for you? Different pets are good for different people. People who live in the country can have almost any pet. Dogs need a lot of space to run, so the country is a good place for them. The country is a good place for cats, rabbits, horses, and birds, too.
People who live in the city can also have pets. Cats are happy inside apartments. Birds, fish, and lizards can live in apartments. Dogs can be happy in apartments as long as they get plenty of exercise and fresh air. Dogs need to be walked every day. A jogger would make a good pet owner. Then the dog could run with its owner.
Cat and dog owners must train their pets. Training takes time. Birds, fish, and lizards are better pets for people who are very busy.
Cats and dogs both need soft beds to sleep on. Birds sleep on a perch in their cages. Lizards and fish need tanks to live in. One thing all animals need is lots of love.
1. People in the country can have ____________, such as _________.
2. ________ need to be walked every day.
3. Busy people could have ___________ as pets.
4. All pets need _________.
【试题答案】
一. 1. ask the teacher for help 2. improve English skills
3. 通过看英语录相学英语 4. read aloud
5. 记住流行歌曲的歌词 6. 感觉不一样
7. join the English club 8. 和某人对话
9. make a survey 10. 首先、第一
二. 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B
6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B
三. 1. to begin with 2. practice 3. end up
4. making mistakes 5. memorize 6. feels
7. trouble 8. laugh at 9. write down
10. improve
四.(一)1. in small country towns
2. are usually small with eight to ten students
3. have a choice of swimming
4. help you learn
(二)1. stays on land 2. have a long life
3. the important parts of their bodies do not become weak with age.
4. are an easy prey for birds and fish; risk to their life comes from pollution of their living environment.
第7篇：初二下册英语范文
1、语法错误明显，教材校正不严肃。新版英语教科书存在明显的语法知识性错误的拼写。譬如：人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（上）第53页，Part2Askandanswer中的第六句话“HanMeiknowslittleabouttheweatherinSydney,doesn’tshe?”这就是一个典型的例子。薄冰的《高等英语语法》中对主句含有否定词的反意疑问句的注释是：“当陈述句部分中出现一些含有否定意义的词，像few,little,hardly,never等动词时，附加疑问句部分用肯定形式”。因此，我们在教学中不得不把书上的句子改为“HanMeiknowslittleabouttheweatherinSydney,doesshe?”再如，2001年12月第一次印刷，人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第一册（下）第91页，第79课的Workbook上的第三段“飞盘”拼成了frisbee，而笔者历来教授学生的书写是frisby。而人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（上）第36课上的不规范用语就更是不胜枚举，像inmorning，Susannotagree，inmeetingallday等，倘若是运用在口语中还是可以理解的，但用在书面表达上，的确需要教师费番口舌。
2、教材容量扩大，要求提高，超过了学生的接受能力。新版教材增加了语言输入量，对学生的能力要求提高，具体体现在词汇量、练习与教学活动量、阅读量等的增加。依人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第一册（下）为例，原教材的词汇量为211个，其中四会词177个，认读词34个，新教材总词汇量为330个（比原教材净增119个），其中四会词为234个（比原教材净增57个），编入常用短语61条；课文部分每单元由原来的4页增至5页，每单元最后一课的教学活动由原来的3个增至5??6个，而且对话长度都有所增加；练习部分每单元由原来的4页增至6页，每单元最后一课的练习量由原来的3??4个增至7??8个。如此繁重的教学内容，短短40分钟的课堂，如何能连听带说地操练多遍？如人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（上）第36课，我就分成两课来上。但是为了赶进度，又不得不快马加鞭地向前学，所以夹生饭、两极分化现象就不足为怪了！
3、知识点分散，缺乏系统性。新大纲强调学习语言知识的目的是为了更好地运用语言进行交际活动，淡化了学生对语法等知识点的掌握。但从第一册开始，新教材就融入更多的语法点、知识点，练习题中也多次出现陌生的语法项目。譬如，人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第一册（下）第111课，出现了动名词walking；人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第一册（下）第120课，出现了现在分词looking，到底是先讲什么好，怎样讲好，没有确切的要求和方法。再如，人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（上）第28课，出现了过去分词called，而动词的过去时要到本册的第8单元才正式学习，而且也仅仅是动词的过去式罢了。还有，人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（下）第73课，出现了过去完成时态的句式havebeento(去过……)，而过去完成时要到初三才学习。
4、新教材课本内容分配不均。新教材的知识容量大是相比较而言的，各个知识点在课本中的分配很不均衡，有的课文几乎空洞无物，而有的课文如果要按教学目标教学则需用上二至三节的课时。譬如：人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（上）,第25课几乎就是简单的现在进行时句型地简易操练，几分钟就完成了的内容划为一整节新授课来上；类似的还有这册书的第45课，此课就是接触简单的天气变化内容的预报，很短时间就可以引导学生掌握，也把学习内容划为一整节新授课来上；然而学习本书的第46课，把温度变化的情景掌握好，把第一段文字分角色操练熟悉，一节课就显得讲解不足、仓促有余，蜻蜓点水一般，没有照顾好全体学生，没有充分体现学生的主体地位，教学效果自然堪忧！学生基础知识掌握不牢，越学越费劲，越学越没信心，最终导致放弃学习。2000-2001学年度第一学期期末统考，我所任教班级的优秀率是36%，及格率是92%。2000-2001学年度第二学期期末统考，我所任教班级的优秀率是31%，及格率是86%。2000-2001学年度第一学期期末统考，我所任教班级的优秀率是26%，及格率是75%。
5、Workbook内容与学科检测的题目标准脱节，答案背离学生学习的大纲及内容。素日检测考试以阅读、选择、完形填空等题目类型为主，而课本的Workbook却很少有类似的考查题。此外，Workbook上的有些题目答案背离学生学习的大纲及内容，显得与新教材改革出新的目的有点相悖。例如，人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（下）第69页，第63课的Workbook第三大题第4小题“我可以过几天还你这本历史书吗”，由人民教育出版社出版和延边教育出版社联合出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教案第二册（下）第169页确定的答案为“MayIreturnthehistorybooktoyouafewdayslater”，笔者认为不妥，因为return这个单词学生还没有学习，所以笔者认为翻译成“MayIgivethehistorybookbacktoyouafewdayslater”最恰当。
6、课文例文与交际话题侧重于城市学生生活，与农村学生的活动空间和生活经验距离很大。譬如：发送电子邮件，磁卡电话的运用、交游、饮食等话题，对经济不发达地区的教师来讲就知之甚少，对学生来讲更是海市蜃楼。例如，人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（下）第71课，第一段（Practise）的要求是把课文所给的5幅图画表达的食物带入对话中操练句型，然而那些食品如果不是借助资料来对照，冷不丁地拿出来就连老师也困惑不解，因为这些东西就连老师也没见过，更谈不上吃过，又如何来辨别那是乳酪（cheese）还是汉堡包（hamburger）呢？
7、教材矫枉过正，把过去的诸多优秀篇目删掉了，实为美中不足！时代在变迁，人文在改变，把教材推到时代的舞台，使之接近受教育者的认知特点，这是社会进步的必然选择，然而历史毕竟存在着某些永恒的东西，那就是人类几千年来遗留下来的精神宝藏和文化遗产。譬如，由人民教育出版社出版的全日制九年义务教育初级中学英语课本（八十年代本），编撰的《蝙蝠为何夜间出来》，《猴子和鳄鱼的故事》，《小高斯的故事》、《移动的“黑板”》、《难忘的一课》等文章，不仅具有丰富的语言知识，而且具有深刻的思想教育意义，都是非常优秀的篇章。笔者认为，哪怕在新教材的Workbook后再加上个阅读理解的栏目呢，将这些优秀的内容呈现给学生，对学生的思想培养和知识完善不无补益！
2、对使用新教材的建议：针对于新教材的优、劣特点，笔者认为在组织英语课程改革教材教学中应注意以下几点：
1、学习新教材的词汇。在学习单词时，应把握好三个尺度：
①集中学习单元单词，分散学习目标，逐课消化掌握词汇。集中学习单词是“张思中英语教学法”的理论精髓，而且新教材的单元单词都集中在一块，所以我认为在学习新教材时先集中学习单元词汇，这是关键的一步。在集中识词时，可采用每生一词试读词汇法引入新词学习目标（完全可行，我们从小学就开设了外语课，音标关应该说问题不大），然后教师纠正并规范读音。这样不但能照顾到每一个学生，让每一个孩子都体会到成功和师爱，又传授了学习方法，“授之以渔”促进了学生自我学习技能的发展。按照《教育心理学》“首因效应”原理，应该说在领读单词以后，教师立刻让学生当堂课就掌握词汇是一种方法，但我不提倡这种做法，特别在使用单元词汇量过大的新教材组织教学时。我认为“首因效应”是重要的，因此教师在教授单词时，可以采用实物教学法（Userealobjects）、卡片展示法（Usepicturesorcards）、教学课件授受法（CAI）等多种方法，充分调动学生的积极性，发挥好教育教学的首因效应。但我更欣赏“张思中英语教学法”中“反复呈现”这条教学原则，而且“螺旋式前进，旋转式上升”的观念一直是人教社这几年编写新版教材的指导思想，就搭上《教育心理学》在谈到记忆方法和原则时也一再强调反复记忆的必要性，更何况《初中英语教材培训材料》第27页也明确指出“单词应分别呈现，不宜集中学习，一步到位”。所以，我认为在集中识词（所有同学只需会读词汇，仅有少数同学能够拼读部分词汇）的基础上，分课消化掌握词汇，小步化教学目标，即教师在上每一节新授课之前，先运用多种技巧让学生强化当堂课需要掌握的单词，如此类推，在单元知识学完后再进行一遍词汇集中巩固，这样以来，除了几个别的学生外，99%的学生能完成词汇学习目标（Learningaims）。
②掌握（Productive）黑体词汇，理解（receptive）常规白体词汇，了解Workbook练习题中出现的词汇。“深挖洞，广集粮”，扩充词汇，是提高英语表达能力的前提。新教材词汇量大，全部掌握课本词汇学生倍感困难，只学黑体词汇显然不利于学生能力的发展，所以许多教师抱怨新教材的词汇学习无处择手，不知掌握多少是好。我个人认为这是没有悉心领会教学大纲要求和为学生全面成长负责的消极表现。《初中英语教材培训材料》第27页要求“有目的的扩充学生词汇量，帮助学生形成自己的小词典。培养学生独立查字典、独立猜词的能力。”因此我在教授新教材时，制定的词汇学习目标是“掌握黑体词汇，理解常规白体词汇，了解Workbook练习题中出现的词汇”，用“四会”分词法来区分目标就是，课本单词表上的黑体词汇需达到四会（听、说、读、写）目标，课本单词表上的白体词汇需达到三会（听、说、读）目标，Workbook上的生词汇达到二会（读、说）目标。实践证明这种新教材的词汇教学法是行之有效的。由于新教材的知识环节编排具有“前瞻性、超前引入性和重复性”，所以我在初一教授的学生到初二以后对新版教材的词汇都记忆犹新，即使是在Workbook中呈现的词汇，在以后的新章节中再遇到这些词汇时，学生也有一种“似曾相识”的感觉。
③进行“词句文”教学。即把词汇放到放到具体的句子中学习，把句子放到形象的短文中学习。现代英语教学法研究表明，在英语学习中创造学习情景，把词汇放到放到具体的句子中学习，把句子放到形象的短文中学习是促进学习者快速掌握语言的便捷途径。譬如，在人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（下）第70课，出现了一个短语stop…from，这个短语是“阻止……做……”的意思，我们可以引导学生这样造句，“我们必须阻止她看电视（WemuststopherfromwatchingTV）”，这就把词放到句子中去了，而且话题切近学生的生活。为了进一步明确我们的表达主题，我们可以在后面紧跟上一句“对她的眼睛有害（It’sbadforhereyes）”。如此句、景、情俱在，学生能学不会？
2、学习新教材的课文。学习新版英语教材，因为新版教材系统性高，所以应提倡整体法，先从课文的整体内容上着手，了解课文的主旨和文法，然后逐一学习语法与知识点。笔者认为在具体学习课文中应注意以下二个方面的内容：
①遵循短文阅读学习原则，运用问题教学法组织课文教学。问题教学法是快速学习短文的先进方法，它的主旨就是用几个概括课文大意或者关联教学知识点的问题来唤起学生的认知注意，在教师诱导下快速阅读短文以求寻找答案。该教学方法的步骤分为Pre-reading、While-reading和Post-reading三部分。在Pre-reading中主要任务是运用问题唤起学生的学习兴趣、认知注意和求知欲望(Talkingaboutthetopicofthepassageforbuildingupinterest/makepredictions)。第二步，在While-reading过程中，教师要引导学生速读（Fastreading）或现时阅读（Timedreading），通过小组讨论（Discussanswersingroups），师生双方要实现答案核对（Checkanswerswithstudentsofdifferentlevels），澄清知识疑团或悬念。在Post-reading部分，教师要把短文中涉及的语言点（LanguagePoints）或者语法(Grammar)明确出来，督促学生认知(Docommunicativeactivities)。
②调整使用新教材：既然新教材存在个别不足之处，那我们在教学中就要敢于大刀阔斧地调整教材。具体表现在以下四个方面：第一，调整新教材的课文编排顺序。例如，人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（上）Lesson9课，我觉得如果按照新教材的编排顺序，先讲对话再讲形容词的比较级的变化规则会对学生的接受知识造成感觉障碍，因为对话中出现了几个形容词的级别变化，如果停下来讲语法势必耽误了操练对话，如果不讲形容词的级别变化，学生又如何理解对话内容呢？于是，我把这两段调了个个，先讲形容词的比较级的变化，再讲第一段对话，收到了良好的教学效果。第二，删节新教材中部分不合适的教学内容。像人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（下）Lesson1课，单纯讲述第二段对话，不但笼统而且消耗时间（awasteoftime），就不如把句型“So+谓语+主语”与“So+主语+谓语”融入第一段看图说话中进行讲解，第二段对话便可一言带过。③自由组织新教材的教学内容。譬如，人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（上）Lesson54课，我把课文第一部分进行自由组合，变成小对话代替课本教学，因为课本仅仅提供了选项式的提纲，然后利用第一段内容进行练习巩固，促进知识记忆，而课文第二部分则把它当作家庭作业。这样组合，课堂教学显得条条有理。④主动订正语法错误。根据正规语法教学书，对课本错误大胆质疑并改正。譬如：人民教育出版社出版的九年义务教育三年制初级中学英语教科书第二册（上）第43课，“HanMeiknowslittleabouttheweatherinSydney,doesn’tshe?”这就是一个典型的例子，不符和变反意疑问句“前否后肯，前肯后否”的规则，教师在教学中要进行改正。
3、突出操作练习，简化语法教学，精讲多练。现行课程标准指出，英语教学要淡化语法教学，注重学生综合运用语言能力的培养和良好学习习惯、学习策略的养成。反复操练是掌握与实现这一学习目标的方法和途径。具体体现在：①加强基础认知和基础技能地教育培养把握好基础知识和基本技能地教育培养，进一步加强听写方面的教学，夯实根基。②注重学生学习策略指导，指导好学生的学习方法和阅读、听说技巧。③充分利用电教资源，体现学生的主题地位，开放式教学，把学生的兴趣和语感放在突出的位置上。④突出语言的实践性和综合运用英语的能力，加大信息交流和自由会话的力度，促使学生从语境中感知信息，从语境中学会技能，从语境中升华语言交际功能。
4、利用新教材，搞好德育教育。新教材德育点丰富，寓德育思想、人文思想、社会动态、生态环境保护等内容于英语课堂教学之中，通过与学习教材的灵活结合，潜移默化地来提高学生的道德素养和综合实践能力，培养学生关心社会、关心集体、关心自然、关心生活的优良习惯和道德修养，是英语教师不可推卸的责任。
参考书目：
①中华人民共和国教育部制订，全日制义务教育普通高级中学《英语课程标准》（实验稿），北京师范大学出版社出版，2001年7月。
②高密市教科院整理，《初中英语教材培训材料》（内部版），2001年9月。
第8篇：初二下册英语范文
一、熟悉教学内容，确定教学重点
初中学生一进入初三阶段，学习任务明显加重。要在有限的时间里提高学生的成绩，必须要向课堂四十五分钟要质量。因此教师在上每一节课之前，首先要熟悉该课的教学重点与难点。同时要熟悉初一、初二已经学过的教学重点。在备课时要有计划、有重点地把初一、初二学过的内容进行归纳、整理，在上课时做到以新带旧、以旧促新，把过去学过的旧知识与本学期要学的新内容有机地联系起来，便于学、记忆。如在第三册中出现了look up (查阅)这个词组，我就复习了look at, look for, look out of, look inside, look around等词组。出现了not... but... (不是……而是……)这个句型，我就复习了not only... but also... (不仅……而且……)这个句型，并分析了它们的异同。这样既复习了已学知识，并使之加深巩固，在这些旧知识的基础上学习新知识，化难为易，便于学习。
二、运用教学规律，培养学习能力，激发学习兴趣
初三学生虽然经过两年多的英语学习，但不少学生仍然死记硬背单词的字母拼写，有的读不正确，有的不会读，这样就严重地影响了教学效果。为了扫除障碍，在开学初抽出时间复习音标、拼读规则等语音知识，在单词教学中，让学生利用音标进行拼读，用拼读规则来帮助记忆单词。初中学生对记单词往往感到难度很大，很难过单词关。在教学过程中，可以有意识地补充一些构词法知识，让学生举一反三，扩大词汇量。许多名词，如sun, wind, rain, cloud等词加后缀y就变成形容词，许多动词加后缀er 就变成名词。又如通过学习friendly这个单词，请学生体会motherly, brotherly, comradely等词的含义。通过学习interest, interesting, interested这些同根词，不仅要求学生注意不同词性的词的不同用法，而且着重讲述相同词性的词的不同用法，以增加信息量，提高记忆率，从而在学习新知识时巩固了旧知识。
三、重视并科学地安排复现
由于学生学习英语缺乏很好的语言环境，不能经常地应用所学的语言知识，所以学习后很容易忘记，因此在教学中应有计划地分散难点，最大限度在提高旧知识的复现率，做到经常出现，时时复习。
如果我们认真钻研一下教材，就会发现第三册课本在不断地复现着第一、二册中所学过的语法知识及功能项目等。
语法知识方面：第三册第一单元复习了在第一、二册中的四种时态：一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时和现在进行时；第三单元复习了第二册中学过的现在进行时；第十单元复习了第一册中的一般现在时；第十八单元又复习了动词的四种时态。其中过去时、现在进行时和一般将来时都是一、二册所学的内容。同时还复习了形容词及副词的比较级和最高级以及第一册中的数字读法等。
由此我们可以看出，教材的编者在有意识地帮助学生不断地复习已学过的内容。他们把旧的语言知识放在新的语言环境里复习，使学生总是有新鲜感，即使是复习，也不感到厌倦。因此，我们在初三年级开始，就要根据教材复现情况，有计划地安排复习及教学。例如,在进行第十七单元的教学时，教师可将课文中的路线图画在黑板上，让学生做问路方面的问答练习。由于学生在第二册中学习过怎样问路或给别人指路，他们在教师的引导下便会说出“where is the...?”“which is the way to...?”“go along the street; take the second turning on the right. it’s next to...”等句子。这时，教师要帮助学生把第二册中学过的有关问路方面的所有用语都复习一遍。在此基础上再学习新的内容，这样，“问路”这一语言功能在这一单元里既进行了复习又得到了扩展。如果我们能够这样安排第三册的教学，在学期结束时，就能够使学生将初中阶段学过的主要语言功能项目和语法项目复习一遍。更为重要的是，通过这种稳步的教学，学生们的听、说、读、写的能力能够继续得到巩固和提高。
四、及时进行形成性测试，取得反馈信息，调节教学过程
教师在教学过程中应及时地进行测试。学生经过测试，可以了解到自己的知识掌握程度及存在的问题，教师可以获得教学效果的反馈信息，及时地纠正学生的语言错误，弥补学生的知识漏洞。对于测试中反映出来的共同性问题，可以在下一堂课进行评析，并选用不同的练习形式进行操练，对于成绩较差错误较多的学生，课后要及时进行个别辅导，纠正错误。两三天后可以进行第二次平行性测试，内容主要是针对他们没有领会和掌握的语言知识点。如果这些学生所学的内容在两次形成测试中能做对百分之八十到八十五，则他们就算基本达标了，一旦学生获得这样的反馈信息，就会坚定信心，心情舒畅地努力学习，跟上班级的程度。
第9篇：初二下册英语范文
一、引进、改编牛津英语教材的过程
我国外语教育近年来有了很大发展，但还不能适应改革开放的需要。国务院副总理李岚清针对我国中小学外语教育的状况，多次强调要加快外语教学改革的步伐，全面提高外语教学质量，以确保更多更好地培养大批外语人才。
国家教育部根据李岚清同志的指示，采取了一系列有力措施，如实行外语教材“一纲多本”；与国外知名出版社合作编写外语教材；引进和借鉴海外优秀外语教材等。1997年下半年，原国家教育委员会了解到英国牛津大学出版社愿意为提高我国英语教学水平作贡献的愿望，同意引进该社为非英语国家编写并正在香港等地使用的英语教材进行改编。国家教育部有关部门领导建议上海、江苏两地分别与牛津大学出版社合作改编上述教材，供我国开放城市和发达地区的学校使用，上海改编本为10年制版，以小学三年级为起点；江苏改编本为8年制版，以小学五年级为起点。
上海市教育委员会和上海中小学课程教材改革委员会认真研究了国家教育部的建议，感到这是建设上海一流外语教育的良好机遇。上海的外语教育特别是英语教育曾经在我国长期领先。1988年开始的上海中小学课程教材改革，改变了过分强调语言知识特别是语法结构、忽视语言交际功能的"结构式"英语教学体系，建立了以提高听、说、读、写交际功能为目标，以语言知识、语法结构为辅助的"结构—功能"体系，几年来取得了显著成效，中学生英语水平和交际能力有很明显的提高。再引进牛津教材，将对进一步提高上海的英语教育水平起积极的作用。
1997年底，市教委和市课改委决定，在第二期课改工程中引进牛津大学出版社在香港部分学校使用的英语教材进行改编，编出一套自小学三年级至高中三年级共10年的英语教材，并部署于1999年秋季开学时即在一定范围的中小学进行牛津英语改编本的试验。这样，连同上海一期课改中由上海外国语大学和上海市教委教研室编写、现正在本市中小学普遍使用的英语教材，上海便有了两套英语教材。这是市教委和市课改委为实现英语教材多样化，培养多层次、多规格英语人才，全面提高上海英语教学质量的有力举措之一。
为了解香港原版牛津英语教材的教学情况，以利于教材的改编工作，上海在1998年初选择了本市向阳小学、世界外国语小学、位育初级中学、建青实验学校和市三女中等5所学校进行原版教材的教学试验，以提供第一手资料，供改编组参考。这5校开始试验牛津原版英语教材和本市正在改编牛津英语教材、要实现英语教材多样化的信息，引发了一批区县和中小学向往改革英语教育、提高英语教育质量的极大的积极性。1998年下半年，徐汇、闸北等区在多年实践和较充分酝酿的基础上提出在全区小学一年级试验开设英语活动课的设想，得到市教委支持，市课改委决定进一步引进低年段的牛津英语教材进行改编，供小学一、二年级使用。在一、二年级英语活动课基础上，三年级将仍使用同样教材。预计这些学生的英语学习基础、能力和习惯等将比一、二年级没有英语学习基础的学生要好。由此，上海改编的牛津英语教材又出现了以小学一年级为起点的品种，使上海改编的牛津英语教材形成"一套教材、两个起点"的格局。
至1999年6月，经过与各区县、学校协商，按"志愿参加，师生同意，领导得力，教师较强"的原则，1999年秋开始的试验学校已经确定。为保证改编教材试验工作的顺利实施，决定由上海中小学课程教材改革委员会办公室和牛津大学出版社合作，在上海设立"上海牛津语言教学培训中心"，进行师资培训、课题研究和测评研究等项目的合作研究。
二、牛津英语改编本简介
牛津大学出版社是在世界英语教材出版方面的几家著名出版社之一。办在香港的牛津大学出版社（中国）有限公司是出版适用于香港及其它地区各年级英语教材的专业出版社。
上海引进改编的原版本就是牛津大学出版社为香港编写的教材。原版教材中小学合计11册：小学是六年制的《OnTarget》，共6册；初中是《OxfordJuniorEnglish》，共3册；高中是《OxfordCertificateEnglish》，共2册。改编本将原版本11年的教材作适当压缩处理，改编为10年，供上海等地区的小学三年级起开设英语使用。1999年秋先出版小学一、三年级和初、高中起始年级的第一学期教材。
牛津英语教材的编写体系为"buildingblocks"（模块建筑体系），学生是英语学习的主体。通过教学，使学生的语言概念、语言实践活动和语言能力在原有的"模块"基础上得到拓宽和加深，持续发展。教材十分重视鼓励学生学习使用规范的英语，在各种情景中积极参与“任务”和“活动”，从而体现语言学习的激励性、工具性和交际。
这套教材的特点是：（1）趣味性强，生动形象，图文并茂，教学内容时代感强。（2）起步高，容量大，信息多。（3）语言地道，编排科学，复现率高。（4）重视能力培养，尤其是重视以语言为工具，解决专项任务（如调查，采访等）的运用能力。（5）配套齐。除教学参考资料外，还有学生练习册、语法训练册、录音、录像、光盘、挂图等多种辅助教材。（6）地方特色强。根据以上特点，改编本基本上保留了原教材的特色，但对过重的“港味”，如以广东话为基础的人名、地名、图片等，进行了适当的删或改。同时，根据小学、初中、高中的不同年级要求，结合本地情况，增加了儿歌、对话、阅读材料等项目或内容。
下面分几个年段进行介绍。
1.小学牛津英语教材（改编本）。
牛津教材原版《OnTarget》是一套专为3—5年级的小学生设计的教材。第一册共有4个"module"，每一个"module"分成若干个"unit"，但都围绕一个主题；每个"unit"都编有各种各样的活动，以激发学生主动学习的精神。课本编写中有两份"Student''''sselfassessmentsheet"和"project"，供学生练习。
《OnTarget》的语言材料很贴近学生的日常生活，语句简短易学，符合这一阶段小学生学习与认知的特点，不论单词、句子、对话、儿歌还是小故事，都能让学生感到亲切，容易上口，而且马上就能在日常中运用。
《OnTarget》的语法教学不是单纯从语法的角度来编写句型，而是将语法融于贴近学生日常生活之中，通过课堂训练使学生在无意之中学习掌握语法知识。如学习动词has时，教材上是通过介绍自己的朋友而引出的。课文中并不说出朋友的名字，而是描述朋友的高矮、胖瘦及所穿的衣服，让同学猜。如有位学生这样描述他的朋友："Sheistall.Sheisthin.Shehasawhiteblouse.Whoisshe?"当同学几乎把班中所有的瘦高个的女孩都猜遍了，还没有猜出时，最后他公布的答案竟是老师。这样的设计既使语法现象多次反复出现，又促进学生用学到的知识来表达自己的思想、正确地运用，有利于改变过去死记硬背学外语的状况。
2.初中牛津英语教材（改编本）。
初中牛津英语教材（改编本）将原教材《OnTarget》的4—6册压缩改编成2册，供小学六年级（初中预备班）和七年级（初一）使用。原教材《OxfordJuniorEnglish》的第一、第二册分别改编后供八、九年级（初二、初三）使用。
牛津英语教材（改编本）的特点，以六年级第一学期教材为例：课本（学生用书）的每篇课文分为任务（介绍家人、朋友、讨论计划等）、语言（结构和知识）以及功能三大部分；《教参》除指出常规的授课（即课中）要求外，还有课前必要准备及课后必做项目等，体现了全方位的教学指导。教参更大的特色是后面还附了可供教师复印发给学生当堂或课后进行语言活动操作的复印专页（有图片、表格、信件等），教师可根据需要自由选用。
3.高中牛津英语教材（改编本）。
牛津英语（改编本）高一年级教材由《OxfordJuniorEnglish3》改编而成；高二年级教材由《OxfordCertificateEnglish4》改编而成；高三年级教材由《OxfordCertificateEnglish5》改编而成。因为原版教材《JuniorEnglish》和《CertificateEnglish》体例不同，改编时根据内地学生的学习需要作了改变。例如，取消了ProgressFile的内容，增加了MoreLanguageInput的栏目。为了适应国家对高中学生英语学习的基本要求，在注意听说能力提高的同时，强调对高中英语语感和基本能力的培养，所以改编本在保持牛津教材风格的同时，适当增加阅读素材，扩大一定的词汇量，以便学生提高自学能力，为进一步深造作好准备。
4.小学低年段英语活动课教材。
供小学低年段（一、二年级）活动课使用的英语教材，是根据牛津幼儿英语改编的，在内容和要求上都作了较大改变，增补了不少内容。低年段教材共4册，每册除学生课本外，还附有学生活动册，同时配有录音磁带和教师手册。这套教材不强调学生背诵强记，它从激发和保持学生的兴趣出发，着重培养学生学习外语的积极性和自信心。它把基本单词及语法教学，融汇在有趣的英语活动之中，通过儿歌、歌曲、游戏、故事和其它丰富多彩、形式多样的活动，让学生学习用最简单的语言进行得体的交际，使学生主动地获得信息，习得语言，并在感知语言的同时，逐渐学会用英语进行思维。
这套教材将结构、功能和情景紧密结合，按themes－topics－subtopics－units－activities设计体系，选取交际活动中真实语言材料，也重视结构形式，使词汇、句型的使用反复循环、螺旋上升。每册都有若干单元，每单元由Let''''sact、Let''''slearn、Let''''stalk、Let''''splay、Let''''senjoy等5个部分组成，内容密切联系生活，从多个侧面反映学生的学习生活、兴趣爱好、课外活动、家庭生活、愿望志向等，充满童趣，又富有时代气息。此外还有选择地介绍和展现英语使用国的风土人情、社会习俗，帮助中国学生了解世界、增加兴趣，学好英语。
三、使用牛津改编本应当重视的问题
牛津教材与我国传统的英语教材有很多的不同之处。要重视对教材特点的研究，吃透教材要求，充分利用和挖掘教材的优势，提高教学效率和效益。
第一，要转变教学观念。在我国目前条件下，课堂教学还是学习英语的主阵地。转变英语教学观念，将英语作为交际工具来教学，是提高英语教学效率的根本。按牛津英语教材的特点，更要求确立“课堂教学交际化"的观念。考虑到牛津英语教材试验的需要，从今年秋季开始，市教委已将起始年级英语课的周课时增加1节，
为英语学习提供了更好的条件。执教教师应珍视这来之不易的1课时，应做到在课堂上基本用英语授课和组织学习活动，提倡教师与学生间、学生与学生间课内外用英语交谈，培养学生直接借助第二语言进行思维的习惯。还要根据不同年龄阶段学生身心发展特点，开展有趣的英语活动，如英语歌曲、诗歌、故事和游戏等，让儿童在高高兴兴的玩乐中，不知不觉地学习英语，在品尝成果中获得自信，激发起更大的学习热情，自然习得语言。
第二，要创设语言学习环境。牛津英语的教学中，要积极创造条件，尽可能让学生得到更多英语环境的熏陶。课堂上要通过实物、图片、录像带、VCD等视听手段，创造情景，使"课堂教学情景化"另外教室里用英语课程表、英语出黑板报，校园里贴英语标语、英语标志等，也是创造英语环境的办法。
第三，要提供外语实践机会。英语教学具有实践性，课堂上教师要保证学生有足够的语言训练时间。还要尽可能将外语渗透到生活、工作、全校性活动和其它学科学习中。如设立英语节、英语周、英语角、英语广场，组织外语俱乐部、排练英语节目、编辑英语小报、举办英语夏令营等。此外，要争取组织学生参与接触英语的社会实践与对外交流。
第四，要利用考试改革时机，培养学生的语言运用能力。牛津英语试验的同时，上海正在加大考试改革力度，酝酿继续试行并完善英语等级考试制度，使之科学化、常设化、证书化，并设想逐步与现行的各级各类招生考试结合。牛津教材教学要利用这一时机，改变传统的平时教学中以知识为本的评价方法，强化学生的语言运用能力。
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