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雨霖铃翻译精选(九篇)

雨霖铃翻译

第1篇:雨霖铃翻译范文

关键词:诗词翻译 三美论 意境美 许渊冲

中国古典诗词的英译,由于中西文化差异,要能在翻译中传达出中诗中的优美意境,是很不容易的。这要求译者有很强的语言能力和跨文化意识,并且还要有足够的艺术热情和文学创造力,才能够将古诗词的意境和味道展现在译作中。

诗词翻译的标准及相关理论。翻译大师许渊冲,在前人的基础上提出过诗歌翻译的“三美论”即“意美、音美、形美”,就是在翻译中展现诗词的特征――通过传神的描写展现意境美、通过音韵的和谐(如押韵或叠词等)展现音韵之美以及通过工整的对仗或长短展现篇章形式之美,使得整篇译作再现原诗的美感、意境和情感等等。在许老看来,其中最重要的便是“意美”,因为诗词意境之美是其非常重要的构成,因此要先力保意境美,其次是音韵美和形式美。另外,他还提出过诸多创造性翻译的理念,如“优势论”和“竞赛论”――通过运用译语言的优势刻画诗词的意境美或者甚至译语言可以以其优势超过源语言所表达的美感,更进一步地彰显意境之美;“以创补失论”和“再创论”达到译作等于甚至胜过原作的效果。

通过译作中的音韵美和形式美塑造出古诗词优美的意境。由于中西文化差异,很难在译作中通过词句或意象来完全地表现原诗意境,因而许渊冲就借着诗歌的一大特征――音韵和形象之美,来传达原作的意境美。例如,在他翻译的柳永名作《雨霖铃》中,他用工整的对仗及和谐的音韵表现出一幅离别时的凄凉景象:

一、寒蝉凄切,对长亭晚,骤雨初歇

Cicadas chill. Drearily shrill. We stand face to face in an evening hour,Before the pavilion, after a sudden shower.

由于中文中的“寒蝉凄切”这种声韵感和凄凉感在英文中很难有词语对应,因此译者用英语中的押韵“chill”“shrill”来表现出这种寒蝉悲鸣的凄凉气氛,营造出离别时的萧瑟气氛。

二、巧用动词、叠词等,营造原诗中的气氛和意境

锤词炼字是中国诗词学的古老传统,大凡中国诗人都非常注重炼字炼词,一首好诗或好词,常常都是通过一个传神的词语,就将整个画面、意境都淋漓尽致地刻画出来了。许渊冲在翻译诗词时所用的英文词语,往往都形象、传神、精炼,可称为是“诗眼”,有力地增进了诗词的意境美。例如,李白的《菩萨蛮》中:

暝色入高楼,有人楼上愁。

The dusk invades the tower high, where someone sighs a longing sign.

在这首词的翻译里,许老用“invade”一词,生动地写出了傍晚时分夜色要开始降临、笼罩四周的景象,衬托出悲凉、萧瑟的气氛。

三、巧用“优化论”“竞赛论”“再创造”等翻译技巧,用创造性的翻译营造出诗词的优美意境和丰富情感

许老非常看重诗歌翻译的“三美”,尤其是意境美,常被他认为是不可缺失的。他认为意译的境界是比直译要高得多的,在“形似”与“神似”之间,他多追求“神似”,即如果创造性的翻译传达原诗的意境美的话,那么就算是成功的翻译。 “优化论”和“竞赛论”都可以归结为“在翻译中发挥译语的优势”。在翻译古诗词时,别出心裁的译者会发挥译语优势,直接在翻译中进行再创作,虽然无法完全对等原文,但是却能更生动、传神地展现原诗意境。

例如,《九歌・湘夫人》中的名句:袅袅兮秋风,洞庭波兮木叶落

The autumn breeze, oh! ripples and grieves. The Dongting Lake oh! with fallen leaves.

许译在此发挥了英语精确的优势,以两个非常准确传神的动词“ripple”“grieve”,将“秋风吹皱湖水,激起一片涟漪”的画面生动地刻画出来,还将“涟漪”拟人化,似乎带着愁容,这本身在原文中是没有的,但是作者发挥译语优势,创造性地翻译原诗,以此将原诗中难以对等的朦胧、柔和的意境美表达出来。

四、结语

许渊冲先生追求诗歌翻译的“音美、意美、形美”,他巧妙地塑造诗词翻译的“三美”――和谐的音韵、华丽的篇章形式和优美的意象。另外,许老也善用传神、精准的词语来画龙点睛,用一个词就可以点亮整篇译作。此外,他倡导“优势论”“竞赛论”等创造性的翻译手法,通过发挥译语优势,进行二次创作,将原诗的神态、意境和美感临摹到译作之中,从而使译作读者拥有与原作读者相同的审美感受。

参考文献:

[1]许渊冲著. 译笔生花[M]. 郑州:文心出版社,2005.

[2]许渊冲著. 翻译的艺术[M]. 北京:五洲传播出版社,2006.

[3]张智中著. 许渊冲与翻译艺术[M]. 武汉:湖北教育出版社,2005.

[4]郭航乐. 诗歌翻译中音、形、意三美的再现――基于《雨霖铃》两种英译本的评析[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012(3).

[5]刘安军. 从李煜词的英译看意境美的再现[J]. 湖北函授大学学报,2010(6).

第2篇:雨霖铃翻译范文

【关键词】高中语文 探究学习 深度 鉴赏诗词

古诗词赏析向来就是高中语文教学的重点,在教学的过程中切忌让学生单纯记诵,也不能仅仅专注字面意思的理解,而应该深入下去,利用古诗词赏析开发学生的思维能力,提高学生的审美水平。在高中语文教学中展开探究式学习可以促使学生更好地扩展知识面,提高鉴赏和理解能力,正如著名教育家周一贯先生所说的那样,利用探究的教学方法可以让学生在自主探索和研究中进行学习,主动获取知识,从而发展能力,是一种很好的教学实践活动。

一、替换类比,赏析词句

在鼓励学生展开诗词探究学习的过程中,可以将字词理解和赏析结合在一起,运用替换类比的方法使学生在理解古诗词含义的同时体会到其中的深层韵味,让他们的理解能更上一层楼。在替换类比探究学习的过程中可以将诗句中的某些字词进行替换,让学生区别替换后的语义差别,也可以让学生对比内容情感相近的整个诗词,体会其中的细微差异。

以教授柳永的名词《雨霖铃》为例子,为了让学生更好地把握整首词的意蕴,可以让学生重点体会“杨柳岸晓风残月”这句名句,采用替换的方法,让学生尝试在理解原词意味的同时用其他词汇来替代其中的某些词,并分析替换之后的词句在情感意蕴方面有什么不同。有学生提出该词讲述的是词人与佳人离别后的悲伤和思念之情,为了衬托情感,可以将“晓风残月”改成“凄风苦雨、冷风悲月”等词句。然而在进一步思考后学生发现原词中的“晓风残月”具有不可替代性,因为“晓”暗示作者经过了一整夜的思念,而“残”暗示了作者的心情,该句不甚悲切,但是和其他词句结合起来却有着优美凄清之感。另外,还可以让学生思考曾经学过什么同样体现思念愁苦的诗词,并让他们尝试将其与《雨霖铃》对比,感受其不同。如有学生提到了“恰似一江春水向东流”这样的词句,并在类比之后发现柳永写“愁”写的是眼前实景,而李煜在《虞美人》中则用了比喻的手法,写的是虚景。这样学生就对古诗词的创作手法有了进一步的了解。

替换类比的方法可以让学生的情感变得更为细腻,令他们对诗词中的经典词句有更为深刻的了解,更能让学生增添对古诗词鉴赏的兴趣。

二、白话描摹,赏析意境

在古诗词鉴赏的过程中品味诗词意境,让学生感受古诗词“诗中有画”的韵味,这是必不可少的一个组成部分。在开展探究性学习的过程中,可以让学生尝试用白话来描摹古诗词所描写的意境,这有助于他们更为形象地赏析诗词,提高表达能力。

《声声慢》这首词是李清照创作的千古名词,然而对于年轻的高中学生来说,很难真正和当时已经历经沧桑的李清照之间产生共鸣。在这种时候就需要开展探究性学习,让学生尝试用自己的话语来描摹诗词意境,深度感受诗词。要注意的是这种白话描摹不是简单将古汉语翻译成白话文,而要让学生在描摹的过程中加想,对诗词中未尝明言的空白处进行补充。如有学生在描摹“冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚”这句词的时候,并没有单纯从字面来翻译解释,而是加入了自己的体会,描摹成“在身居异地、无人为伴的时候,感到心里十分孤独,在连年战乱中辗转难逃,不仅失去了心爱的古籍和文物,甚至还和丈夫分开,内心感到十分凄凉。”这样的描摹加入了学生的想象,是在理解《声声慢》创作背景,充分感受李清照创作思想的基础上进行的。

三、课外链接,赏析风格

探究性学习并不只是在课堂中进行,还可以延续到课外,可以让学生利用业余时间,上网或者去图书馆查询各种相关资料。这样不仅能让学生博览群书,更能让学生在尝试归纳总结的过程中对作者的创作意图、创作风格有更深的了解,这能有助于学生开阔视野,增广见闻。

辛弃疾是中国历史上著名的爱国词人,在教授《永遇乐・京口北固亭怀古》的时候,可以采用课外链接的方法,让学生上网搜寻辛弃疾其他词作,同时尝试了解辛弃疾的抗金历程。让学生将辛弃疾的诗词作品和他的人生经历结合起来,这能有助于学生掌握其创作风格。在课外链接的过程中学生可以了解到辛弃疾在创作《永遇乐・京口北固亭怀古》的时候正打算为北伐做准备,但是当时的掌权者却不能采纳他的意见,还将他调离镇江,使得他的复国之梦再次破灭。在这种背景下辛弃疾运用刘帝、佛狸调、廉颇等典故来表达自己的忠心,同时也表达自己不被重用的愤慨,这使得辛弃疾的词作体现出一定的感染力,展现出豪迈壮阔的风格和深深的爱国热情。

在课外探究之后,还必须回到课堂上,让学生对收集的资料进行整理和交流,这样才能让探究性学习更为深入,更加有效。

著名人本主义教育家罗杰斯说过凡是通过师长讲述而传达的多半是死的、凝固的无用知识,学生必须通过自主探究才能挖掘出活的、有用的知识。在高中诗词鉴赏课中,应避免过多“寻章摘句”,更应避免让学生死记硬背,可以适当地开展探究性学习,这样可以有助于他们更为深入地鉴赏诗词,从中汲取有用的营养。

【参考文献】

第3篇:雨霖铃翻译范文

[key words] chinese poetry; artistic conception; bells ringing in the rain; solution

【摘 要】 汉诗英译是否成功就在于能否成功的传达意境。要成功的传达意境是不容易的,许多好的汉语诗歌翻译成英语后总是会失去原作的艺术魅力、本文首先指出:意境是通过形象化的情景交融的艺术描写,能够把读者引入到一个想象的空间的艺术境界,意境传达的困难在于中西方存在着诸多差异,不同的历史文化,风俗习惯和思维定势都使汉语诗歌的意境传达成为一个难题,本文以《雨霖铃》的译文为例,分析了这首诗歌意境传达的困难,接着通过《雨霖铃》的两种译文对比提出了意境传达的三种有效方式:传情达意,挖掘意象,激发联想。最后作者提出,这只是三种有效的方式,而不是绝对的方式。

【关键词】汉诗英译;意境;《雨霖铃》;方式

1. introduction

"poetry is a super art of language.”[1] a well-known statement is made by robert frost “poetry is what gets lost in translation”.[2] poetry translation is a difficult task and it is especially true in the chinese poetry translation. “indeed, poetry translation is a creative task.”[3] burton raffel says, “the translated poem should first be a new poem, a good one, and should be the favor of life, instead of lifeless academic accuracy.”[4] the english versions of many outstanding chinese classical poems which are gently beautiful, vigorous and deep usually cannot present the original taste and flavor of the poetry. many famous sayings and beautiful lines, which enjoy great popularity during hundreds of years, make the chinese readers have a deep sympathetic chord. but foreign readers cannot understand them actually, or they may even feel bewildered and the most important reason is that the translation of chinese poetry is lack of the conveyance of artistic conception. the success of translation of chinese poems depends on whether it can approximately transmit artistic conception of chinese poems and lead the readers into a space of imagination. china’s poet as well as literary and theoreticians mostly think that the greatest achievement of poetry creation lies in artistic conception .it is the soul of poetry. then what on earth is artistic conception of poetry?

1.1 the definition of artistic conception

artistic conception is a kind of ideal artistic state, which can lead readers into the situation and emotion of a poem. the blend of situation and emotion is the basic component of artistic conception, which is involved in two aspects, one is the objective of images in life, the other is the ideal subjective creation of the poet, we call the former one as “jing”, and the later one as “yi”. therefore, artistic conception is the unified entity of the two aspects. [5]

artistic conception is one of the most important aesthetic conceptions in ancient china, which can be traced back to tang dynasty. in his the style of poetry poet wang changlin firstly put forward artistic conception together with “物境”“情境” (two of three levels like artistic conception used to describe respectively the object and the circumstances of a poem).[6] although he proposed the three levels together, he didn’t point out the relationship. jiaoran, a poet and a monk as well, once pointed out the relations between yi (image) and jing (situation). he thought that the feelings of a reader to a poem start from its situation.[7] liu yuxi who carried on jiaoran’s theory advanced that we can say in tang dynasty, the aesthetic school---the leading school of poetry which analyzes poem with artistic conception, was formed.[8] and in qing dynasty, wang guowei gave a deeper research on the connotation and creation of artistic conception. as he says in his “comments on ci poetry”, “not only can literature motivate the writer himself, but also it can touch the hearts of others.”[9] mao dun then thought the connotation of the literature translation is the transmission of the ideal condition .he said "the literature translation is to transmit the artistic ideal condition of the original work in another language and make reader be inspired equally, affected and get the beautiful feeling when they read the original work. [10]

1.2. the difficulties of the conveyance of artistic conception

for many years, lots of chinese scholars as well as foreign researchers put their effort to do the arduous work to translate classical chinese poems into english. and among their works, there is no lack of excellent translation. as a matter of fact, just through the wonderful translation of some excellent translator, a lot of famous classical chinese poems have won their world reputation. however, as a kind of artistic appreciation, we usually have a little pity that the translation of chinese poetry still cannot express artistic conception when we read as the chinese readers, lots of chinese classical poems have lost their original romantic charm, complete information, three-dimensional effect, and the state that can lead the readers into a indefinite imagination. it is not surprised to see that many scholars consider the translation of chinese ancient styled poetry to be an unsuccessful field so far. we can see that even if some translations display the content of poetry, they fail to transmit, interpret the mood, the image, and the situation of poetry. because of the huge divergence between the east and the west, it is impossible to express completely the primary taste and artistic conception of chinese poetry to every reader.

the reason is that the different historical culture connotations and different habits and customs as well as different thinking methods are formed in the aspect of words and expressions.

the renowned translator mr. yang xianyi has said:" there are many other factors constituting certain meanings in original text .it is simply not impossible to transmit these meanings for the persons under different cultures. [11] for example: the chinese readers have some association spontaneously with weeping willow in a chinese poetry, it is impossible to cause this kind of association naturally if it is translated into another language. in many poems the terminology (poem language) often has their cultural historical background causing the reader to associate sufficiently. [12] there is no final translation for any translation is partial since it is hardly possible for any translator to seek balance between various requirement.[13] of course it contains the conveyance of artistic conception.

2. the analysis of bells ringing in the rain

here, the author will probe how to transmit artistic conception in the translation of chinese poetry by the english version of bells ringing in the rain.

2.1 the comment of bells ringing in the rain

liuyong’ poems are good at description of details, and written in a pithy style . this poem expresses the parting feelings and describes the scene of parting and the painful mood. the emotion is also very sentimental. this poem is of liu yong’s representative works. the first stanza describes the parting scene, the author describes the cicada chillily, and two loves were parting in the roadside shelter. the boat was urging. they were reluctant to part, hand in hand with tearful eyes, sobbing without a word. the misty waves in the great distance and the distant sky also appeared so heavy. in the second stanza, the author sighed woefully: parting lets the human be sad since the old times. the longer they part, the sadder they feel. even if there is bright days and beautiful scenery, the poet still cannot cheer up.

“the cicada”, “the roadside shelter”, “the sudden downpour”, “the national capital” “the boat”, “the misty wave” and “the southern sky”----- these images composed the departure picture of gloomy color, brim with the thick deep sorrow. the chinese reader can feel the author's sad mood after they read and produce the sympathetic chord, but as a result of the cultural environment and the background difference, foreign readers may not have similar feeling, nor can they induce to this dignified atmosphere. the chinese reader could carry on the very natural association to above these images, form a series of pictures in the brains, but the foreign reader possibly can not be able to understand this completely. in the second stanza, what is the relation between “多情” and “自古”? how to translate “晓风残月”? what is“良辰好景虚设” on earth? it is very difficult to describe the painful mood and the deep sorrow faithfully to the foreigners.

2.2 the difficulties of the conveyance of artistic conception of bells ringing in the rain

it is not completely possible to translate the original poem, the mood and the atmosphere,which is also an extremely big difficult problem, such as:

firstly, it is difficult to convey the emotion in the poem: the emotion here is not presented explicitly but implied in the description of the images. it is hard to convey the connotation and association significance of images to the foreigners. in addition, the chinese poems usually consist of several images, the poet can display some pictures in front of the readers through the depiction of the images. in bells ringing in the rain, “ the pavilion” “evening clouds” “willow trees” “waning moon”---these images constitute a scene of sorrow departure in dreary autumn. it is not easy to select proper words to convey the images as well as suitable words to connect them in the process of translation. finally, in bells ringing in the rain, chinese readers can associate the waving willow trees and waning moon to the reluctance of departure. it is hard to bring the similar fantasy to readers in english version, because some image cannot arouse the same association to the foreigners. there is also one point that we should notice: the conveyance of artistic conception is a common problem, sometimes even if the version embodies the charm of the original poem, the foreigners may not understand it completely because of the cultural differences. just as the foreigners cannot understand the love of liang shanbo and zhuyingtai, here, the author only would like to discuss the ways to convey artistic conception.

3. three strategies to convey artistic conception

to be exact, zhao zecheng’s artistic conception includes three aspects: qing (emotion), jing (situation), and imagination. to counter these three aspects, artistic conception can be effectively transmitted to readers by the following three means: first, to express amorous feelings and ideas; second, to unearth images; finally, to stimulate imagination. [14]

3.1 express feelings and ideas

when doing the translation of chinese poems, we should firstly make clear the main idea of the original poem, the situation set in the poem and ideas and feelings that the author wants to express, otherwise, we do not translate but create poetry.

in ancient china, there are the sayings like “ideal can be conveyed by poetry, and ‘poetry is stemmed from emotions.”[15] wang guowei, an aesthete in modern times, indicates that ‘only when a poet is able to reflect the real life and express his real feelings by his poem has he reached a higher level of poetry creation.’[16] in his opinion, the simple natural scenery, such as birds’ singing, flowing water, flowers’ blossom and drifting clouds cannot consist of ‘artistic conception’ by their poems. the famous literary theoretician in qing dynasty, ye xie thought that emotion from the bottom of heart is one of the indispensable conditions in the creation of artistic conception, and whether artistic conception can be conveyed successfully by the translations or not depends on whether the translator is able to transmit the feelings between the lines, and understand poet’ mind. [17] as eveing says in his ‘translation and sentiment’, translator should not only translate the ‘tears’, the ‘laughter’, the ‘anger’, the readiness to give life on the battlefield and the visible things, but also the grief, the happiness, the indignation, the utter devotion and the invisible sentiment. [18] for instance, here is several verses of bells ringing in the rain. a is translated by rewi alley, and b is translated by xu yuanchong.

“都门帐饮无绪”

a we drink to each other

b can we care for drinking before we part

“饮”“无绪”the two words add anxiety to the parting, people usually would drink wine when parting in ancient time. the poet was so sad that he would not like to drink at all. ‘drink to each other’ in alley’s translations does not show this kind of mood. xu yuanchong translates the words into ‘can we care for drinking before we part’ reflect a kind of disconsolateness,so, xuyuangchong’ s translation is better. if the poem embodies the poet’ emotion, the version should indicate it. let us look at another verse:

执手相看泪眼,竟无语凝噎

a we clasp hands, faces wet

with tears; unable to say anything

b hand in hand we gaze at each other’s tearful eyes

and burst into sobs with words congealed on our lip

to translate the emotion in these two verses,we must grasp the psychological condition of the poet. looking at each other ‘s tearful eyes with hand connecting, they would like to say something, yet speechless for sobbing finally. “执手”“相看”“泪眼”“无语凝噎” are a succession of words describing the hero’s sorrow and the grief, xu yuanchong uses‘gaze at’and‘tearful eyes’to describe the mood, and transmit the emotion, ‘burst into’ indicates the eruption of his preserved sentiment, ‘congealed’ vividly manifest the sadness. obviously, in version a ‘wet with tears’ greatly weakens the emotion and cannot transmit artistic conception of the original poem. obviously, it is inadequate to only display the content, we also should express the feelings between the lines properly. for example:

多情自古伤离别,更那堪、冷落清秋节

that is to say, people always feel sad when parting since the ancient times. how does a lonely person live in this chilly autumn? here the poet is displaying a kind of disconsolate mood.

a ever have people hated

leaving there friends, and now

the cold autumn with its sadness

on top of it all;

b lovers would grieve at parting as of old.

how could you stand this clear autumn day so cold

compared with ‘hated’, ‘grieve’in b indicates that the poet feels brokenhearted, the rhetorical question corresponds the original poem expressing the psychology of sad feeling in the lonely autumn, which conformed to the artistic conception of the original poem. obviously, b is more successful in transmitting artistic conception.

a does not display the emotion, therefore it fails in the transmission of artistic conception, but, xuyuanchong fully comprehends the poet’s emotion of bells ringing in the rain, and carries on the poet’s sorrow by choosing the words. finally he succeeds in the transmission of artistic conception. transmission of artistic conception is closely linked with the emotion transmission. so we can make conclusion from the examples above, the transference of artistic conception is incomplete, if there is emotion in an original poem, but the translation fails to manifest the feelings in the verses,. in order to further the understanding the importance of emotion expression in translation, the author would like to give more examples: “晓镜但愁云鬓改,夜吟应觉月光寒。” (to one unnamed) by li shangyin)the poem describes the immortal love: he cannot help thinking of his beloved for his deep love to her so that he does not see his image but that of his beloved while looking into the mirror. the two lines selected in the poem describe the feeling: the poet worries about his beloved’s gray hair on head but not his own when he is looking into the mirror, he does not feel the chill of moonlight, but he worries that she will feel cold when he is crooning verse at night. the following are two kinds of translations of innes herdan(a) and xu yuanchong(b)

a grief at the morning mirror---

cloud ?like-hair must change;

verses hummed at night,

feeling the chill of moonlight…

b at dawn i’m grieved to think your mirrored hair turns grey;

at night you would feel cold while i croon by moonlight.

a describes the poet’s worries about his own gray hair, and he feels chill, which is the literal translation without understanding the feeling of the poet to his beloved. so it fails to transmit that kind of sentiment in the poem and reveal the immoral love. xu yuanchong adds person to describe the immoral love, thus the readers are moved by the poet’s feelings, and get the deep comprehension of artistic conception.

here is another example:“ 思君如满月,夜夜减清辉。” (since my lord from my parted by zhang jiuling) the poet uses the moon to describe the feelings of the wife that she is duller day by day by missing her husband. let us see the translation by herbert a. giles:

my heart is like the full moon, full of pains,

save that’ tis always full and never wanes.

“giles compares the wife’s heart to the painful moon that never wane, succeeds in conveying the essential idea of her sorrow.”[19] in this poem, the key point of the understanding of artistic conception is to comprehend the wife’s emotion. since giles convey the distress of the wife’s missing vividly and incisively, the readers can feel this kind of pains, therefore giles succeeds in the conveyance of artistic conception.

the analysis above suggests that the transmission of emotion is important to the transference of artistic conception. if the poem embodies poet’s emotion, the translated version should indicate it, thus the readers can get a deep comprehension of artistic conception.

3.2 unearth image.

besides the conveyance of emotions and ideas, a translator should also pay attention to the images. the image refers to the object in the poetry, which receive subjective sentiment of the author. setting sun, fragrant grass, weeping willow, song of the birds, cicada chirping and so on are the commonly employed images in ancient chinese poems. usually, a poet does not reveal the sentiment straightly but awaken our memory by the description of the image and stimulate our feeling and cause our sympathetic chord. [20] precisely the author reveal subjective sentiment by taking and describing the image, the reader can enter the artistic conception of poetry.

the image is the essence of language of poem. “image model captures the essence of picture in prose or in poetry.”[21] the poets always utilizes the visualized language which can stimulate the reader’s imagination and the association to describe the image in the literary works, if the literary figure is fresh, then the exquisite artistic conception will appear. the translator should pay attention to the transplantation of the literary figure and visualization of the language in the process of translation. therefore they can fully manifest the beauty of artistic conception. we should transmit the images to translate the poem. image is the basic element of poems. the basic feature is that readers can experience the feelings of poets through the description of the image. “we mean to define image as the attribute for the whole mental conception of a literary work. in some sense, ‘image’ here is countable as eyeable linguistic point, and all the images in a work form into a meaningful whole, which is often called its imagery. so ‘imagery’ is uncountable as an inseparable entity that can only be perceived from the entire work”. [22]

there are several images in this poetry as follows: cicadas, showers, heavy cloud, southern sky, willow trees, waning moon. “these objects to be described are never selected at random, but are the manifestation of the poet’s shrewd power of observation and unique artistic view” [23] these images are objects, but the poet renders his emotion to them that has been the symbol of departure and distress. he set off the parting atmosphere by the description of objects, thus the readers will portray a chill and dreary picture as if they hear the singing of the cicadas and see the parting scene. then how do the translations give the readers the same expression by unearthing images? it is rare for us to feel cold and dreary when hearing the singing of cicadas, while the poet use "寒"and "凄" to describe it, for the pain from the bottom of his heart. "寒" and "凄" uncover directly the poet’s mood, the person have to part with his beloved and feels the coldness of the outside world, which is his innermost feelings. the following translations are also presented by rewi alley (a) and xu yuanchong (b):

a now comes the note of the cicada,mournfully;

b cicadas chill

drearily shrill

compared with rewi alley’s‘mournfully’ xu yuanchong’ s‘cicadas chill ’ describes the cicada's condition, "drearily shrill" corresponds" 凄切" they established a basic main key for the entire poem ----cloudy and cold, "drearily shrill" further exaggerated this atmosphere. so,“chill” “drearily” describe the process of psychology and transmit ‘artistic conception’ of “寒蝉凄切”. pavilion is considered as a symbol of parting, sudden shower may be considered as a symbol of the tears falling from their eyes. look at the verses:

对长亭晚,骤雨初歇

a at our pace for parting

evening falls; the rainstorm that broke

has cleared away;

b we stand face to face at an evening hour

before the pavilion, after a sudden shower

we can see rewi alley omits the image of pavilion, which is very important to the conveyance of artistic conception as a symbol of parting.in ancient china, people usually part in pavilion, so chinese readers can associate the pavilion with departure. and xuyuanchong reserves the image of pavilion and shower using “before” and “after” to connect the two sentences, so that we see the natural scenery and human feelings well blended in the beginning of the poem. [24] so, it does well at the transition of the artistic conception. in this poem, the image of the boat waiting for the person describes a picture of a lonely sail. the verse:

方留恋处、兰舟催发

a the boatman urges departure

b we are lingering late, but the boat is waiting for you to depart

rewi alley only uses “boatman” omitting the image of boat, and xuyuanchong’s translation describes a picture: two people are loathing to part, the boat is urging a person to embark quickly, we can guess that the boat has been waiting for a long time. the picture of a lonely sail is the symbol of the parting lover, carrying the visual feeling. and b is better at the transition of artistic conception compared to rewi alley that is only narrating. in this poem, cloud and sky also are symbolical, the heavy cloud is the symbol of his heavy heart, and the boundless sky is the symbol of long distance. [25] the original verses and translations are as follows:

念去去千里烟波,暮霭沉沉楚天阔。

a and i know that soon i shall be far

from here, over the hills;

at night a mist will come

down from heavens, and soon

i will be in hupeh, where

skies are high, and ground low;

b you ‘ll go your way far, far away, on miles and miles of misty waves

where sail the ships, and evening clouds hang low in boundless southern

skies

the two images “暮霭” and “楚天”should be translated. rewi alley does not transmit the image: cloud, and “skies are high” does not describe the boundless of the skies. therefore his translation weakened the effect of the transition of artistic conception of original poem greatly. in the original poem the first stanza begins with an image and ends with another, both reveal the grief of parting. [26] therefore in translation there should be the transference of the vivid image to let the reader feel the poet's emotion through the images to understand the artistic conception of the poem.

as we know, in a chinese poem, there are always many images; these vivid images bring the beauty to people. in order to achieve the similar effect, the translator should carry on the appropriate description to the images. for example, “小楼西角断虹明,栏杆私倚处,遥见月华生”(immortal at the river by ou yangxiu)portray a beautiful scene:the broken rainbow appears after a heavy rain,two persons are leaning on rails watching the rising moon. teresa yee-wha yu translates the lines in this way:

across the western corner of the

small house, a broken rainbow hangs

brightly, as i rest on the balcony,

awaiting moonrise.

the image of the original poem is broken rainbow,why is the rainbow broken?teresa yee-wha yu only uses‘broken rainbow’,which fails to manifest the esthetic sense of the moon raises slowly, therefore the beauty is inferior than the one of the original poem. the translation by xu yuanchong is:

an imperfect rainbow is seen,

shut out of view by western tower.

we lean on rails alone

to watch the rising moon.

xu yuanchong uses ‘shut out of view by western tower’,giving people a more vivid picture: above the small building, a broken rainbow appears, --two people are closely leaning in the rail, watching the slowing rising moon, the phrase shut out describes the broken rainbow, the typical image matches the image verb, has exaggerated the original poem main key of the original poem, so, compared to teresa yee-wha’s yu. xu yuanchong’s is better in transmitting artistic conception.

the analysis above suggests that unearthing images is one of effective ways to convey artistic conception, of course, in the translation techniques of image, aparting from unearthing images, there are other ways to convey the artistic conception, such as footnoting and paraphrasing, which this article only discusses one of effective ways.

3.3 stimulate imagination

in the author’s view, the connotation of stimulating imagination is that if the poet leaves a great space of imagination to the readers, so should the translator. it is of great importance for the translations to stimulate the readers’ imagination. just as xu yuanchong points out in his new concept of translation in new century the low standard of literary translation is to resemble or reflect the truth of the original poems, while the high standard is to keep the beauty of poems in source language [27] the translator should try his best to bring the advantage of target languages into full play, which means making full use of the best form of expression of target language as well, and to make poems understood finally. the translations of literary works should be wonderful and splendid. although we can read or listen to the literary works, we cannot visualize them like watching pictures or get auditory images like listening to the music. therefore, if the literary language is dull, tedious and insipid, it cannot stimulate the imagination of readers, thus cannot convey artistic conception to readers, let alone let them grasp the artistic images in the original works. it is the translators’ responsibility to take advantage of target language to reach the translation to stimulate readers’ imagination finally.

the following is another example from bells ringing in the rain: “今宵酒醒何处?杨柳岸晓风残月。xu yuanchong ‘s translation is

where will you be found at daybreak

from wine awake?

moored by a riverbank planted with willow trees

beneath the waning moon and in the morning breeze.

the poem asks where he will be when he wakes up tomorrow morning. “willow trees” and “beneath the waning moon and in the morning breeze.” stimulate the readers’ imagination, and make the readers imagine the scene by themselves. for example: how is the poet’s condition when he awake? and what will he be think? different people have different images. people can image the scene of the poet awaking in the morning according to their own understanding of the poem. “moored” give the readers large space of imagination that is the need to transmit artistic conception to readers.

from the author’s point of view, stimulating imagination plays a quite important role in transmission of artistic conception. many translators notice the point in the process of translation. for instance, there are two verses in the renowned poem "song of a pipa player" (琵琶行)by bai juyi:“大弦嘈嘈如急雨,小弦切切如私语;嘈嘈切切错杂谈,大珠小珠落玉盘。” the two verses describe the music by the pipa. “it is difficult to describe abstract music in words, but bai juyi compares it in turn to a patterning rain, to pearls dropping on a plate of jade”[28] which greatly stimulate the readers’ imagination, “so that you can not only hear it but sometimes even see it before your eyes”. [29] here are two versions respectively translated by c.gaunt(a) and xu yuanchong(b)

a the great strings with a crash resound,

as when the rain-storm strikes the ground;

the small strings whisper manifold,

like secret confidences told;

and then the vibrant chords outfling

a mingled crash and whispering,

like shower of pearls, some large some small, that on a jade-dish pattering fall.

b the thick strings loudly thrummed like the pattering rain;

the fine strings softly tinkled in a murmuring strain

when mingling loud and soft notes were together played

‘twas like large and small pearls dropping on plate of jade

c.gaunt’s‘the rain-storm strikes the ground’; ‘whisper’‘ like shower of pearls, some large some small,’and xu yuanchong’s ‘pattering rain’‘murmuring strain’ ‘murmuring strain’all stimulate the readers’ imagination and convey artistic conception of the poem in source language as well. the original poem does well in stimulating imagination, so does the translation.

stimulating imagination is a part of the conveyance of artistic conception, we get artistic treat through abundant association and fantasy, which achieve the effect of artistic conception. as we analyze above, the translation that arouse the imagination of readers convey artistic conception effectively. there is a point we are sure that even if the translations cannot achieve the charm of the poem perfectly, we should exert our great efforts to resemble the effect.

4. conclusion

we can find that the conveyance of artistic conception is not easy. however, through the three means, we still can effectively transmit artistic conception by experiencing the emotion and imaging the image of original poems. the author discusses three strategies: expressing feelings and ideas; unearthing images; stimulating imagination. they are three effective ways but not the absolute means. in addition, there is one point that we should notice: when we proposed request to the translators, we should pay attention to the fact that the readers should be qualified to comprehend the poems’ artistic conception.

references

[1] 温辉. 意象和意境:英译唐人绝句[d]. 西安:陕西师范大学, 2000(04). p4

[2] 闫军利.诗歌翻译的美学途径[d]. 西安:陕西师范大学, 2003 (04). p7

[3] 戴伟平.诗歌翻译与现代性[d]. 重庆:西南师范大学, 2004 (04). p38

[4] 蔺丽.中国古诗英译意境传达的探索[d]. 天津:天津师范大学, 2005 (04). p17

[5] 姜莉.论唐诗英译的意境传达[j].沈阳师范大学学报(社科),2005(01). p112

[6] 同[4]. p112

[7] 同[4]. p112

[8] 同[4]. p112

[9] 同[4]. p112

[10] 同[4]. p112

[11] 水小重.从东西方文化的差异看汉诗英译的困难性[j]. 西北师大学报(社科), 1998(03). p98

[12] 同[10]. p98

[13] 同[3]. p17

[14] 同[4]. p112

[15] 同[4]. p112

[16] 同[4]. p112

[17] 同[4]. p112

[18] 同[4]. p113

[19] 许渊冲. 中诗英韵探胜[m]. 北京:北京大学出版社,1992. p204

[20] 同[4]. p113

[21] 袁哲. 文学翻译中审美再现的三个层面[d]. 长沙:湖南师范大学,2004(05). p27

[22] 刘建华. 古诗意境英译分析[d]. 长春:吉林大学, 2004 (05). p26-27

[23] 陈月红. 中国古典诗词翻译中的意境问题刍议[d]. 武汉:华中师范大学, 2002 (04). p32

[24] 同[18]. p370

[25] 同[18]. p370

[26] 同[18]. p370

[27] 同[4]. p114

第4篇:雨霖铃翻译范文

时间啊,真是个忙碌的家伙,我总是没有机会向它say hello,它就跑的看不见踪迹.当我又看见它的时候,它没有变,我却又老了一点.

昨天我还在看``下蛋的公鸡,公鸡中的战斗机``,今天我却不得不接受新一轮的流行语``喝水,捶腿,闭嘴,亲一口老鬼``.

眼花缭乱了.

今天是开学的日子.

去年开学是在3月1日.之所以记得清楚,是因为去年开学的第一天,我就和袁瑞杰那厮吵架了,他没让我,冷战数月无果.那真是第一次和人赌气啊,真憋屈.

去年的这个时候,我对小杰说:你厮滚回北京去吧,郑州真没这么丑的,你在这里纯粹影响市容市貌,郑州发展脚步比较缓慢,你就别来拖后腿了.

今年呢?她那厮就真的不来了.两年了还没这么听话过呢.....

去年的这个时候,光忙着和袁瑞杰怄气了,王祥源干什么呢?!真的不甚清楚啊....

今年呢?这厮居然跟上了队伍,走到一起来了!!```真是袁瑞杰的便便---袁粪啊......

去年的这个时候,见了王仙女,她很苦恼.

今年呢?依旧苦恼着去年的苦恼,但愿一切都会过去,也坚信什么都会过去.

去年的这个时候,袁瑞杰说:就是不给你说,咋?

去年的这个时候,小杰说:我要不来了,你会想我不?

去年的这个时候,王祥源说:你就不能先和你哥说话?

去年的这个时候,王仙女说:我真的不知道怎么办,你说呢?

去年的这个时候,潇潇说:小姨,你挣了多少压岁钱?

去年的这个时候,妈妈说:今年的压岁钱你自己拿着吧,全抵生活费了.

今年袁瑞杰说:我觉得现在过的挺好,我约我梦中情人去看烟火.

今年小杰说:你个猪,真没想我啊?

今年王祥源说:你就不能不和你妈妈赌气?听话,你先认错.

今年王仙女说:我真的无语了,就这样吧,随意.

今年潇潇说:小姨,明年你要给压岁钱,我就冲你死磕.

今年妈妈说:就算你挣钱了,就你这德性,也难离开家.

.........我真的无话可说,像电影的一幕一幕,那神态,我现在还可以比划出来....人啊其实都没有变,只是我没有跟上脚步.

但是,记忆却鲜活.

真应了一句话:人生若只如初见.

木兰词拟古决绝词柬友 (清)纳兰性德 人生若只如初见, 何事秋风悲画扇? 等闲变却故人心, 却道故人心易变。 骊山语罢清宵半, 夜雨霖铃终不怨。 何如薄幸锦衣儿, 比翼连枝当日愿。 [翻译] 如果相爱永远像初识, 就不会出现婕妤怨秋扇的旧事。 当薄情郎轻易变心时, 男女的感情中本来就会出现这类事。 想当初唐皇与贵妃的山盟海誓犹在耳边, 却难熬栈道雨声铃声声声怨。 现在我身边的薄幸锦衣郎, 还不如当年唐明皇许过比翼连枝愿。

有人要说这是用来写给情人的,我却觉得这倒是无所谓.无论怎么样,朋友或爱人,别人或自己,人生若只如初见那该多好,只记得开心的时候,悲伤永远不会缠绕.一切都像是刚刚发生.

我没有失恋,只是有点伤心错愕而已.

若早知道事已至此,我就会就知道善待初见.

初见鲜活如同真的初见,记忆竟成了残忍的东西:

袁瑞杰:貌似你也是郑州的,我九中的,你混哪里?

田小杰:我家在河北张家口的蔚县,那个蔚也念蔚蓝的蔚.

王祥源:谢谢啊,我还有件民工蓝的颜色.

周敬朝:我给我老婆说这地方她都找不到.

姜帅:我叫姜帅,姜子牙的姜,帅哥的帅.

婷婷:你是不是郑州的?

鳖乎:我咋觉得穿裙子,楼出来的那节小腿跟棒槌似的?

小猪:我家在泌阳,你知道不?

秀秀:.............

张迪:不了解你真的不敢和你说话.

时间倒退......

王潇:仙女是什么意思?

杨静:我咋觉得在什么地方见过你?

候玮:我靠,咱俩杂又在一个班了?

柏京南:你是实验的?

张欣:嘿,美女,你终于来了.

闪兰堃:看我这个造型像不像小马哥?

袁艺:这是男人应该做的,你们女人少插嘴.

再倒退.....

许月然:猪啊,我怎么说你好啊?

史晓耀:你怎么老吃巧克力啊?你叫巧克力?

候玮可扬:你也在这个院里住?晚了,咱飙车吧.

王柳青:我妈妈说我长得像徐静蕾.

陈新元:来我给你本上提个字.

真的抱歉,我竟然就记得这么多.

第5篇:雨霖铃翻译范文

我国文学最开始是由文言文写的,早在东周就有了。之后的许多著名文学家将它发扬光大。汉赋唐诗宋词元曲明清小说。这是我国古代文学发展的趋势。

丑话说在前头,无论你再如何讨厌,学文言文首先就是要读要背!但是总是背不下,那就充分利用你所有的空余时间!文言文的篇幅一般不长,先花点时间把它抄下来,边抄边记,不过纸不能过大,要折起来刚好能放在口袋里,平时没事等车排队神马的掏出来瞄几眼,时间一长就记得下来了。背下来,等于你的文言文成功了四分之一。

对于理解,老师常叫我们翻译文言文并记牢,其实这种方法是不可取的。学校的所谓“文言文高柴生”其实就是一块死木头,一般人的理解过程就是:先看见这句文言文―马上在大脑里找出相应的翻译―翻译完成。这种办法其实只能叫翻译,不能叫理解。真正的文言文之神(比如我)就是在阅读文言文时,首先做到的就是迅速把自己的大脑切换到文言文模式(其实多读多背就可以做到),开始用文言文思考。你的思维模式要完全转化为文言文,看见一句话就知道:我知道这句话是什么意思。然后不用搜索翻译,直接脱口而出这句话是什么意思。因为你完全掌握了它的特性。它应该是什么样它就是什么样,它就是你平时讲的话。

文言文里出现最多的字就是“之”“乎”“者”“也”所以人们后来就用“之乎者也”来代表文言文。

文言文里最常出现的字之一就是“之”。“之”什么意思,就像平时看小说的“……之……”一样。一般用作代词,代“的”。比如袁宏道《满井游记》里的“晶晶然如镜之新开而冷光之乍出于匣也”翻译为“水面亮晶晶好像刚刚打开的镜匣,清冷的光辉突然从镜匣里射出一样。”这里的第一个“之”就是翻译为“的”而第二个也是,应该是“冷之光”,也就是译为“的”,就是“清冷的光辉”差不多也是一个“的”字的意思。有时也会用作第三人称代词,例如《曹刿论战》里的“肉食者谋之”里的“之”是“这件事”的意思,也可以说是“它”。还有《干将莫邪》里的“王怒,欲杀之”里面的“之”就代了“干将”就是“他”的意思。

文言文里之后是“乎”字,一般表示疑问或反诘,像是:汝识之乎?――苏轼《石钟山记》。相当于“吗”:学而时习之,不亦说乎!――《论语》。表示感叹语气或呼告:长铗归来乎!食无鱼。――《史记・平原君虞卿列传》。表示祈使或命令语气。相当于“啊”、“呀”:勉速行乎!无重而罪!――《左传》。表示呼唤人的语气。相当于“啊”、“呀”:参乎!吾道一以贯之。――《论语》。表示商榷语气:以容取人乎,失之子羽;以言取人乎,失之宰予。――《韩非子》。表示肯定语气:故曰:“礼者,忠信之薄也,而乱之首乎。”――《韩非子》。

还有“者”,“者”也是代词,指人、物、事、时间、地点等。可以译为“的”或“的人”、“的东西”、“的事情”。比如:《老子》:“高者抑之,下者举之。”《商君书-去强》:“治国能使贫者富。”还有用在数词后的,多数译为“个”“样”。还有用在“今”,“昔”等时间词的后面,表示“……时候”。

最后还有一个“也”字。主要用句末语气词,表示判断语气。比如下面的:城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)。表示陈述或解释语气。――即不忍其觳觫,若无罪而就死地,故以羊易之也(《齐桓晋文之事》)。用在句中或句末,表示肯定、感叹的语气。至于誓天断发,泣下沾襟,何其衰也!――《伶官传序》用在句末,表示疑问或反诘语气。公子畏死邪?何泣也?(《信陵君窃符救赵》)。用在句末,表示祈使语气。当相与共谋之,勿令姊有穷途之虑也(《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》)其实也是个语气词。

在文言文里“弗”这个字除了少数情况外一般都是译为“不”的意思。像《曹刿论战》的“神弗福也”就可以译为“神不会赐福的”在这里就是“不”的意思。

文言文里面的语气词很多,但是很好分辨,像大诗人李白的《蜀道难》中的噫(yi)吁(xu)(xi),语气词一般用在句首或句尾,比如《爱莲说》的噫(yī)!菊之爱,陶后鲜有闻。莲之爱,同予者何人?牡丹之爱,宜乎众矣。的“噫”和后面的“矣”就是两个语气词。常用的语气词有“呜”“呼”“哀”“哉”,看见“呜呼哀哉”应该就是指无病之类的,不过这是现代文的理解方法,可以略。

“我”这个第一人称代词在“我、吾、余、予、朕、台(yí)、(áng)”等七个。其中,常用的是“我、吾、余、予”四个。东北人自称“俺”宋元时期关西一带人自称“洒家”还有的称“在下”“鄙人”“某”的,经常在小说里出现。

注意通假字,下面是一些通假字:

不:同“否”;不。副词。“或师焉,或不焉。”

不:同“否”;吗。疑问语气词。“察王以十五城请易寡人之璧可予不?”“汝见我不?”“宁可共载不?”

材:同“才”;才能。名词。“食之不能尽其材。”

裁:通“才”;刚刚。副词。“手裁举,则又超忽而跃。”

采:同“彩”;颜色,彩色。名词。“须臾成五采。”“成五采,此天子气也。”

仓:同“苍”;黑色。名词。“要离刺庆忌也,仓鹰击于殿上。”

藏:同“脏”脏腑。名词。“末至二三里,摧藏马悲哀。”

廛:通“缠”“胡取禾三百廛兮?”

唱:通“倡”;倡导。动词。“而予三十年前所主唱之三民主义、五权宪法,”

钞:同“抄”;抄写。动词。“适中手自钞录。”

雠:同“仇”;仇敌,仇人。“及仇雠已灭,天下已定,“

:同“锄”;锄头。名词。“棘矜,非于钩戟长铩也。”

绌:通“黜”;罢免官职。动词。“屈平既绌,”

从:同“纵”;合纵,联合抗秦。动词。其后秦欲伐齐,齐与楚从亲。”

从:同“纵”;与“横”相对,“合从缔交,相与为一。”“赵使平原君求救,合从于楚。”

淬:通“";金属器械烧后放入水中,“取之百金,使工以药淬之。”

厝:同“措”;放置。动词。“一厝朔东,一厝雍南”。

错:同“措”;放。动词。“以君为长者,故不错意也。

当:通“挡”;抵挡。动词。“非刘豫州莫可以当操者。”“汉亦留之以相当。”“坦墙周庭,以当南日”“曹军不能抵当。”

党:通“倘”;倘若,偶然。副词。“风雨之不时,怪星之党见,”

道:同“导’;引导。动词。“故善者困之,其次利道之,。

得:通“德”;恩惠。名词。“所识穷乏者得我钦?”

吊:同“掉”;落。动词。“连一根针吊在地下都听得见响!”

丁宁:同“叮咛”嘱咐。动词。“府吏见丁宁,结誓不别离。”

读:通“逗”;即现在的“,”。名词。“授之书而习其句读者。”

度:同“渡”;渡过,越过。动词。“一夜飞度镜湖月"’

队:通“坠;坠落。动词。“星队、木鸣、国人皆恐。”

:同“夺”;强取,夺取。动词。“再门,门闭不得出。”

堕:通“隳”;毁弃。动词。“堕军实而长寇仇,亡无日矣!”

说文言文就不得不说到古诗词。古诗词倒是个仁者见仁智者见智的问题。先说一下词,词的大致类别如下:

1.按长短规模分,词大致可分小令(58字以内)、中调(59一90字以内)和长调(91字以上,最长的词达240字)。一首词,有的只有一段,称为单调;有的分两段,称双调;有的分三段或四段,称三叠或四叠。

2.按音乐性质分,词可分为令、引、慢、三台、序子、法曲、大曲、缠令、诸宫调九种。

3.按拍节分,常见有四种:令,也称小令,拍节较短的;引,以小令微而引长之的;近,以音调相近,从而引长的;慢,引而愈长的。

4.按创作风格分,大致可以分为婉约派和豪放派。

5.按词牌来源分。关于词牌的来源,大约有下面的三种情况:

(1)本来是乐曲的名称。例如《菩萨蛮》,据说是由于唐代大中初年,女蛮国进贡,她们梳着高髻,戴着金冠,满身璎珞(璎珞是身上佩挂的珠宝),象菩萨。当时教坊因此谱成《菩萨蛮曲》。据说唐宜宗爱唱《菩萨蛮》词,可见是当时风行一时的曲子。《西江月》、《风入松》、《蝶恋花》等,都是属于这一类的。这些都是来自民间的曲调。

(2)摘取一首词中的几个字作为词牌。例如《忆秦娥》,因为依照这个格式写出的最初一首词开头两句是“箫声咽,秦娥梦断秦楼月”,所以词牌就叫《忆秦娥》,又叫《秦楼月》。《忆江南》本名《望江南》,又名《谢秋娘》但因白居易有一首咏“江南好”的词,最后一句是“能不忆江南”,所以词牌又叫《忆江南》。《如梦令》原名《忆仙姿》,改名《如梦令》,这是因为后唐庄宗所写的《忆仙姿》中有“如梦,如梦,残月落花烟重”等句。《念奴娇》又叫《大江东去》,这是由于苏轼有一首《念奴娇》,第一句是“大江东去”。又叫《酹江月》,因为苏轼这首词最后三个字是“酹江月”。

(3)本来就是词的题目。《踏歌词》咏的是舞蹈,《舞马词》咏的是舞马,《唉乃曲》咏的是泛舟,《渔歌子》咏的是打鱼,《浪淘沙》咏的是浪淘沙,《抛球乐》咏的是抛绣球,《更漏子》咏的是夜。这种情况是最普遍的。凡是词牌下面注明“本意”的,就是说,词牌同时也是词题,也就不再另拟题目了。

词有词牌,即曲调。有的词调又因字数或句式的不同有不同的“体”。比较常用的词牌约100个,如《水调歌头》、《念奴娇》、《如梦令》、等等。词的结构分片或阕,不分片的为单调,分二片的为双调,分三片的称三叠。按音乐又有令、引、近、慢之别。“令”一般比较短,早期的文人词多填小令。如《十六字令》、《如梦令》、《捣练子令》等。“引”和“近”一般比较长,如《江梅引》、《阳关引》、《祝英台近》、《诉衷情近》。而“慢”又较“引”和“近”更长,盛行于北宋中叶以后,有柳永“始衍慢词”的说法。词牌如《木兰花慢》、《雨霖铃慢》等。依其字数的多少,又有“小令”、“中调”、“长调”之分。据清代毛先舒《填词名解》之说,58字以内为小令,59―90字为中调,90字以外为长调。最长的词调《莺啼序》,240字。

一定的词牌反映着一定的声情。词牌名称的由来,多数已不可考。只有《菩萨蛮》、《忆秦娥》等少数有本事词。词的韵脚,是音乐上停顿的地方。一般不换韵。有的句句押,有的隔句押,还有的几句押。象五、七言诗一样,词讲究平仄。而仄声又要分上、去、入。可以叠字。

古时候为了分辨词,一般会在词牌名后面加个题目,像辛弃疾的《西江月・遣兴》《西江月・夜行黄沙道中》。这样就很好分辨,但是有些词的题目很长,已经不叫题目了,叫“叙”。其实以前是叫作“序”的,不过后来因为苏轼、苏辙的爷爷,也就是苏洵的父亲叫苏序,为避名讳,所以改为“叙”比如苏轼的一首《洞仙歌》的叙:

余七岁时,见眉州老尼,姓朱,忘其名,年九十岁。自言尝随其师入蜀主孟昶宫中,一日大热,蜀主与花蕊夫人夜纳凉摩诃池上,作一词,朱具能记之。今四十年,朱已死久矣,人无知此词者,但记其首两句,暇日寻味,岂《洞仙歌》令乎?乃为足之云。

所以,你还得先理解一下这个叙。不过放心,老师都不可能让你背叙的,最多让你理解。

我建议大家先找一本《我愿意活在宋朝――宋词的三十七种读法》看看。

唐诗嘛,主要分如下派别,在此不做赘述。大家注意一下语气词、动词、通假字、词类活用等就好。

山水田园诗派

代表人物:王维、孟浩然、卢纶、李益

特点:题材多青山白云、幽人隐士;风格多恬静雅淡,富于阴柔之美;形式多五言、五绝、五律、五古。

代表作:

王维:《山居秋暝》、《送元二使安西》、《九月九日忆山东兄弟》

孟浩然:《过故人庄》

边塞诗派

代表人物:高适、岑参、王昌龄、李益、王之涣、李颀。

特点:描写战争与战场,表现保家卫国的英勇精神,或描写雄浑壮美的边塞风光,奇异的风土人情,又或描写战争的残酷,军中的黑暗,征戍的艰辛,表达民族和睦的向往与情怀。

代表作:

高适:《别董大》

岑参:《白雪歌送武判官归京》。

浪漫诗派

代表人物:李白。

特点:以抒发个人情怀为中心,咏唱对自由人生个人价值的渴望与追求。诗词自由、奔放、顺畅、想象丰富、气势宏大。语言主张自然,反对雕琢。

代表作:

李白:《月下独酌》、《梦游天姥吟留别》、《蜀道难》。

现实诗派

代表人物:杜甫。

特点:诗歌艺术风格沉郁顿挫,多表现忧时伤世,悲天悯人的情怀。自中唐到宋代以来都继承了杜甫的写实风格。

第6篇:雨霖铃翻译范文

中国是诗的国度、诗的海洋。高中教材选取的古诗词内容极为丰富,艺术感染力极强,是对学生进行中华文化的熏陶,激发学生的美感,提高他们人文底蕴、思想品德的极好材料。

然而教学现状是教师在备课时花大量时间弄清每个字、词,深入分析所用的艺术手法和蕴含的思想内涵,精心设计巩固训练的习题……课上面面俱到、挥汗如雨,学生拼命记录,费力理解。结果学生反应冷淡,气氛沉闷,知识点也没有真正吃透、领悟,连最简单的背诵任务都不能完成,诗词鉴赏更是一塌糊涂。

那么如何改变这一现状?新课标指出:诗歌教学过程中,要"激发学生诵读的兴趣,培养学生诵读的习惯""在诵读中感受和体验作品的意境和形象,得到精神陶冶和审美愉悦"。因此,诵读在诗歌教学中有着不可替代的作用。教师只有用心去认识、巧妙地运用诵读教学,才可以调动学生对诗词的学习兴趣,培养学生的语感,提高学生对语言的感受力和理解力,从而提高课堂效率。

一、古诗文教学中诵读具有独特优势

1.诵读能促进学生对知识的领悟

古诗文课堂教学始于背诵、朗读,要让其为鉴赏、写作作铺垫,在熟读背诗之余,引导学生对名诗名句进行赏析,从中领悟诗的意境和内涵。作者把自己感受到的景、物、情、理通过传神的语言准确地呈现给读者。古诗文的学习讲究体悟。因此,在教学中教师不能把作者创作的动机、立意、内涵等一股脑儿地全盘端出来,让学生囫囵吞枣地接受,而必须让学生与文本对话,将自身先前的独特体验融注到古诗文中,并对文本作出自己的阐释,这是学生个性化行为。

在教学过程中教师应放手让学生自我完成生动、具体、独特的个人阅读感受,真切领悟作者创作的动机,与作者心灵沟通,从而深刻地体味文章的内涵,得到深刻的启迪。

例:张若虚的《春江花月夜》是一首长诗,学生课前自学时觉得诗意难懂,更别提全文背诵了。通过课上的亲身示范,让学生先从模仿入手,先在组内展示,然后学生进行配乐朗诵,大家点评得失,积极参与诵读体悟,在一些重要处我会询问他们为什么要这样处理,学生就会结合对诗意的理解说出自己的理由,不知不觉中,课堂气氛达到高潮,学生对诗意的理解也越来越透彻,无形中代替了传统的枯燥的讲解、翻译或学生直接照搬参考资料的机械复述,对诗歌的全方位鉴赏已经在学生的热切参与中完成了大半,也在不知不觉中基本完成了背诵任务。在背景音乐的伴奏下,学生一时兴起,有的当堂脱稿即兴朗诵,也激起了其他表演同学的兴趣。

2.诵读促进了学生的素质培养

长期进行诗词朗读,学生被诗词优美的韵律节奏、丰富的情感内涵以及细腻多彩的手法所吸引,深深地陶醉在诗词之中,从而在潜移默化中接受了传统文化的熏陶。如讲授岳飞的《满江红》时,教学重点应放在诵读上,多手段结合,务必要让学生读出词中蕴含的喷薄激烈的爱国热情,在诵读体悟、交流展示中,学生们接受了一次无形却更生动的爱国主义教育。诗歌陶冶了情操,提高了素质。

二、古诗文教学中诵读要有技巧

首先,诵读教学要有步骤、有计划地进行。

古人云:书读百遍,其义自见。但这种读不是盲目的,要对学生有计划、有步骤地进行指导,激发起学生美读的兴趣。

学生对诗词的理解能力普遍十分薄弱,在开始实施的阶段,应先做好铺垫工作。每首诗词在课前都要求借助工具书先解决文意,并且坚持自己写出翻译,课上分小组交流,每组推荐优秀者展示,大家一起评价。安排这个环节是为了让学生先弄懂文意,理解有助于诵读时感情的处理。在课上穿插的一些对重点句子的诵读、品味和整体赏析完成后的专项诵读、展示,学生的诵读技巧、兴趣已经初步培养出来了。

其次,要抓住诵读的一些最基本的要素:

1.读准字音。这是最基本的要求,要求学生自我完成。

2.读准节奏。古诗文节奏和谐,读起来琅琅上口。古诗文是语言的仓库,佳词美句特别多,认真诵读,受益匪浅。但有些古诗文,句子深奥一点。可先自读,后出示无标点的原文,让学生揣摩句读再读。这种读已从文字层面上升到意义层面,在读中自然而然理解了文意。

3.读出语势。学生对诗文的抑扬顿挫地朗读,有利于体会古诗文的感情、意境和气势。如《梦游天姥吟留别》描写梦游的部分,随着场景的变换,语气也要随之变换,尤其是中间“惊梦”的部分,描写的场景阴森恐怖,语气、语调也要随之深沉、缓慢,能随文意的变化调整语气、语调,把诗词饱含的丰富情感表现出来,也就读懂了文章。

4.读懂读透。读懂读透就是能领悟诗歌的情感、艺术表现技巧。我们常说诗情画意。其实,许多诗词意味深长,诗中有画。而许多名画又配以诗词,又为画中有诗。在诗歌教学中,要充分利用诗歌自身美的特质,最大限度地激发学生的学习热情,通过调动学生的情感体验,培养学生的审美欣赏能力。

再次,要采取多种诵读方式,激发学生阅读兴趣

1.分出学习小组很必要。以小组为单位相互展示,交流,有助于提高学生的学习积极性,提高课堂效率。组与组之间还可以开展竞赛,让课堂更加鲜活起来。

2.指导诵读的手段要多样。范读的材料可以来源于高质量的名家配乐朗读,要经过严格的筛选,这对学生的诵读训练有直接的示范指导作用。但是如果我们教师能够抑扬顿挫,声情并茂地范读,调动起学生的朗读愿望,然后通过领读、分组读、交叉读、齐读等形式多样的诵读,这样更容易把学生带到诗词的意境中,感悟诗词的韵味。

如教学柳永的《雨铃霖》时,教师先范读,然后让学生指出教师的处理方法,再思考为什么要这样读,再让学生朗诵,学生很快就会悟到词中的几种意象,明白众多意象构成旅行之人孤独、寂寞、凄凉的意境,从而理解词的思想内容。语文阅读教学过程,应是师生双边的活动过程。

第7篇:雨霖铃翻译范文

关键词:菩提瑞像 天龙八部 飞仙阁

位于成都市西南约120公里处的浦江县霖雨乡,现存有一处飞仙阁唐代摩崖造像群。据考察其开凿年代应该在初唐,飞仙阁石刻造像群位于南丝绸之路上,主要集中在景区大佛坪、禽星崖和二郎滩南北两岸,现存造像共有303龛800多尊,多数为佛教造像。在保存的唐宋以来的摩岩石刻中,还有几尊胡人雕塑,体现出了胡人在南丝绸之路的经济、文化交流上的作用,对研究古代中外文化和艺术交流来说是重要文物。飞仙阁摩崖造像中最早且最为珍贵的造像是初唐武则天永昌元年的9号龛造像,曾被载入《中国美术全集》、美国《亚洲艺术档案》。

一、关于浦江飞仙阁菩提瑞像来源问题

目前关于菩提瑞像的来源,学术界有以下几种看法,一种是受中原影响;另一看法是受南传佛教影响;还一种是受南印度的影响。下文将对此一一描述。

关于菩提瑞像受中原的影响,大体是这么论述的,笈多的这类造像通过七世纪至印度的中国求法僧的记载,以及通过他们在中国北方的翻版而得知。玄奘对一件宝冠佛早先如此神系的描写,以致于这件历史事实可作推断的只有它源于菩提迦叶以及他的华丽装饰。据《大正藏》第五十一册,玄奘《大唐西域记》卷十二“瞿萨旦那过国”中“勃伽夷城及鼠坏坟”条记载:“王城西行三百余里,至勃伽夷城。中有佛坐像,高高七尺余,相好允备,威肃怡然,首带宝冠,光明时照。……”使者王玄策是那个时代的玄奘,在他第三次出是印度是,随行的画匠宋法智描回了菩提迦叶宝冠佛的白描图。僧义净久居印度后于695年回到洛阳后,也带回了这种著名的复制品并献给武后。

《开元诗经录》卷九“义净条”(730年)撰述:“抵园鹿苑咸悉周游。憩那烂陀礼菩提树……以天后证圣之元乙未仲夏还至洛阳。将梵本经律论近四百部合五十万颂金刚座真一铺。舍利三百粒”

《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》卷十:“其日又命塑工宋法智,于嘉寿殿竖菩提像骨己。因从寺众及翻经大德并门徒等,乞欢喜辞别云,玄奖此毒身深可厌患所作事毕无宜久住。愿以所修福慧……佛下生时,亦愿随下佛做佛事,乃至无上菩提(玄奖入寂为664年)

另外关于菩提瑞像的看法,中国社会科学院罗先生认为,龙门石窟、长安七宝台和四川石窟中的头戴宝冠、项胸及手臂佩饰理路的宝冠佛像不是目前学界普遍认为的“大日如来像”或“香王菩萨像”,因为这些特殊造型的佛像最早在唐初的武则天时期就己出现了。他认为洛阳龙门石窟擂鼓台三洞的主尊应是佛顶像,佛顶像托生于释逝成道像,即菩提瑞像,.也即广元千佛崖自铭的“菩提瑞像”;同样,京矜工邓味等地的宝冠佛像也应该是菩萨提瑞像,而现移藏于擂鼓台中洞的一尊宝冠佛像则属于从南朝传入的宝冠佛像系统。[1]

菩提瑞像来源于印度波罗模式的说法,见李淞翻译何恩之的文章中。通过比较蒲江宝座装饰,发现此装饰在波罗艺术时代非常普及,同时又举例佛陀的写实手法躯体和两位协侍菩萨得意于鹿野苑艺术的成就,而鹿野苑艺术成为波罗雕刻的基础,从此角度来论述造像的宝冠装饰更接近印度样式而非中国样式。

蒲江菩提瑞像的来源存在以上种观点,此问题的解决对佛教南传路线的鉴定将会提供确凿的证据。

二、天龙八部形象本土化

该龛保存基本完好,主尊为宝冠佛,结迎跌坐于正中,左右立四比丘像,二菩萨坐像,外完刻二胡人装束像(天王)以及二男女执武器像(男执刃,女手上举,执物不明),后壁浮雕天龙八部像,由左至右为:天部形象、鬼神形象、迎楼罗像、龙像、耳长形象、阿修罗像、一角像、摩侯罗伽像。关于其中的论证至今仍存疑惑,但是其余几位也具推测性。戴龙帽的一位是龙王,海之主,居于深水中。它的天敌是迎楼罗,一种神秘的鸟,空气之主。迪楼罗鸟又称金翅鸟,通常以鸟作标志,但此龛中没有发现,除非那个双耳垂肩的青年形象是一个非同常形的金翅鸟。龛中那位手持日月、罗盘和手铃的三头形象是阿修罗。阿修罗与天人作战,天人居于天界的最底层。阿修罗取胜的计谋是遮蔽星体。或许手持徽章(或持扇?)的形象是天人的不寻常的表示。龛右站立者无疑是夜叉,恶魔似的生灵,地球建筑力量的象征,地上财富的看守者,它似乎表现了一种兽类的愚纯和残忍。龛左的一位乾阔婆头戴狮帽,与半鸟半人的神秘生灵紧那罗相同的职责是娱乐诸神。然而在此处,紧那罗应是头戴角帽者。帽上盘有毒蛇的形象是摩眠罗逸,因为它被描写成一位蟒蛇王,也是自然力量的表现。此龛中的天龙八部造像遵循的是地道的四川样式,在北方诸省未发现有这种盛唐时期的半人半神雕像。[2]

在刘成看来,从文献和实物资料来看,认为天龙八部造像并不是四川地区所独有的造像题材,但在四川地区却尤其流行和完善,并且早在初唐便出现成熟的造像,并且风格在初唐盛唐趋于一致,而中晚唐时期巴中受北方系统影响而造像形式以及排列趋于多变。[3]而成都地区则表现出一些更加本土化的变化,比如双身龙神,以及持乐器紧那罗等等。蒲江飞仙阁本土化得原因,在刘成看来,一是与巴蜀一代的“好祭鬼神”之俗有关,而且还与百姓信仰的功利性有关。

关于蒲江飞仙阁天龙八部造像特点本土化除了像刘成说的那样,是否还受其他外来风的影响呢?

三、总 结

关于蒲江飞仙阁第9号龛菩提瑞像的造像特点存在三种说法,一是受中原风格的影响,二是南朝佛教南传的影响,三是受印度的影响,此问题的解决将会对四川佛教本土化和佛教南传路线重要的证据。另外关于天龙八部本土化和与四川民俗民风结合的产生是否还存在着其他原因推动着这一进程,都有待考察。

参考文献:

[1] 朱晓丽.蒲江邛崃唐代佛教摩崖造像的题材和编年[M].P50.

第8篇:雨霖铃翻译范文

关键词:语文教学 意象分析

一、通过意象分析可以直指文学作品主题,深化学生对作品的理解

笔者认为通过分析意象能够使学生直接揣摩作者的情绪变化及写作思路,从而得以迅速把握文章主旨。如《将进酒》的第一句:“君不见黄河之水天上来,奔流到海不复回”,翻译成现代汉语应为“你难道没有看见,那汹涌澎湃的黄河水如同从天上倾斜下来?它滚滚东去、奔向大海,永远都不会再回来”。《将进酒》从本质上讲,是一首劝酒歌,是李白在元丹丘酒宴上的愤激之作。可是从元丹丘的家中几乎是不可能看到黄河的,那么李白的这首诗又为什么要从黄河入手呢?李白通过“黄河水”这个意向,又在向我们秘密传达着一种什么样的情感?——原来,我国文化源远流长,在漫长的发展演变中,文学作品的一些自然对象和人的心理之间,逐渐产生了一些成熟的对应关系,这就形成了文学作品中一些固定的意象。如“流水”=“时光”,那么咏叹流水,其实就是在咏叹时光易逝。“流水”这个意象相关联于时间,这样的先例在中国古典文学中可以说俯仰可得。如《论语》“子在川上曰,逝者如斯夫?不舍昼夜”,即“时间像流水一样流逝啊,昼夜不停”。又如《长歌行》“百川东入海,何日复西归?少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲”,意思为“百川归海,一去不回。时间也如此”,劝人们珍惜光阴,要有所作为。再如《念奴娇.赤壁怀古》“大江东去、浪淘尽,千古风流人物”译为“大江汹涌奔腾、滚滚东流,古往今来所有英雄人物所创立的丰功伟业,也都随着时间的流逝而成为历史”。所以回到《将进酒》这首诗,李白的前两句实际上是在讲:时间一去不返,我眼看也一大把年纪了,可理想还没有来得及实现,我能不着急上火么我?

纵观全诗,李白借“黄河水”引起了对人生价值的考量和探究,正因为时光匆匆如水般流逝,那么既然“天生我材”,就更加应该积极争取并努力实现自我存在的价值,这是全文的主旨。而串联起全诗感情脉络的“悲”、“喜”、“狂”、“愤”、“愁”也正是由此引发和升腾起来的。

德国哲学家叔本华说:“使我们生存充满烦恼与苦痛的东西,无一不是出自时间无休止的压迫。”具有类似情怀的李白也正是基于这一点,在以“黄河水”为表象的时间的压迫中唱出了这首感动了此后亿万人的《将进酒》。

如是看来,通过意象分析可以直指文学作品主题,在分析课文时起到事半功倍的效果。

二、通过分析意象可以点染课堂气氛,渲染学生情绪,达到更好的教学效果

又如讲授柳永的《雨霖铃》,整首词作涉及到的景物大体包括有“寒蝉”、“长亭”、“都门”、“泪眼”、“烟波”、“暮霭”、“楚天”、“杨柳岸”、“晓风”、“残月”等,这些景物从总体上来说,都天然的带着一种凄凉、萧索的味道,从而成功的渲染了作者“伤离别”的情感。特别是作者刻意点出的“长亭”,那几乎就是中国文学中分别的“代言”了。至于“杨柳岸”、“晓风”、“残月”,这三个意象的集合和叠加,则更是内藏玄机——(1)“柳”与“留”谐音,古人有折下杨柳枝送别的习惯,折下柳枝送给对方手里,以示自己的留恋和不舍,所以看到杨柳,会想到恋人;(2)“晓风”性凉,被“晓风”吹拂的同时,也被一种类似凄凉、孤独的感受吹拂着;(3)“残月”,月不圆、人两地,对比我国中秋时节人月两团圆的习俗,心头又该是一幅怎样的滋味!而这三个意象并非作者亲眼所睹,换句话说,是作者用“晓风”、“残月”等非常有内涵的景物,逼真刻画出自己酒后那种怅然若失、寂寞凄凉的心理状态。解读者完全可以把“杨柳岸、晓风残月”当成一个形容词——不管我今宵酒醒何处,无论繁星点点还是艳阳高照,我的心情都会很“杨柳岸、晓风残月”。

又如如赏析余光中的《乡愁》,引导学生提取意象:邮票、船票、坟墓、海峡,这些意象将彼此分散的 人和物,以及支离破碎的时间和空间紧紧联系在一起,表达了作者那难以言喻的哀愁和思念。

通过意象分析,如此这般娓娓道来,学生在感受、认同、理解了这些意象的同时,深深沉浸在作品所渲染的情绪当中,这对于授课、听课的双方,自然都是不无裨益的,甚至对于“以学生为主体,以教师为主导”的教育思想,也是一种成功的实践。

三、通过意象分析,可以使学生加深对祖国文化的理解,同时积累自己的写作素材

有些意象,如“长亭”、“流水”、“杨柳”、“渔父”、“大雁”,从某种意义上来说,都可以作为“代名词”来使用,有着很丰富的内涵,这是因为我们中国文学在漫长的发展演变中,一些自然景观和人的情感之间,逐渐产生了一种成熟的、并且是一一对应的关系。而这些内涵丰富的意象作为一种文化积淀,已经成了我们中华民族一种共同的记忆、一段关乎情感的密码。不管岁月悠悠、也不管山水迢迢,作为炎黄子孙,我们都应该掌握并以之为荣。所以鼓励学生在习作中加以运用这些意象,也是笔者在课堂上赞赏和一贯加以推崇的。自然,恰当的运用毋庸置疑会使习作生色不少。

综上所述,用意象分析引导语文教学通过意象分析可以直指文学作品主题、点染课堂气氛,并且可以使学生加深对祖国文化的理解,同时积累自己的写作素材。在这种春风化雨的熏陶之下,学生不仅会加深学生对作品的理解,并且慢慢一定会写出属于自己独特感受和真切体验的好文章。

参考文献:

[1]朱光潜.《文艺心理学》.

第9篇:雨霖铃翻译范文

一、利用流行歌曲丰富学生的人文素养

语文素养是一种以语文能力为核心的综合素养,主要包括语文知识、语言积累、语文能力、语文学习方法、习惯以及思维能力、人文素养等,是学生学好其他课程的基础,也是学生全面发展和终身发展的基础。流行歌曲属于通俗文化,大多从方方面面反映不同作者、不同演唱者对自然、人生、社会的领悟和感知,在语文课中引入流行歌曲可以培养学生热爱祖国语文的思想感情,如张明敏《我的中国心》、侯德健《龙的传人》、高枫《大中国》、孙楠《红旗飘飘》、屠洪刚《精忠报国》、刘德华《中国人》、蔡国庆《中国娃》、宋祖英《爱我中华》、张也《走进新时代》等,都是很好的爱国主义歌曲。如果合理地在语文教学中引入类似的歌曲,并充分挖掘和展示优秀曲目中的道德因素,使学生受到震撼、感染和熏陶,久而久之,就可变为自身道德进步的强大动力,并最终积淀成为自身价值观和人生观的一部分。

语文课程应重视提高学生的品德修养和审美情趣,逐步形成其良好的个性和健全的人格,促进其德、智、体、美的和谐发展。这既是现代社会对人才素质的基本要求,也是中职德育教育的客观需要。中职生处于人生观和世界观尚未成熟的关键阶段,他们文化基础薄弱、自控能力差、分辨力差,盲目追逐时尚和潮流,但他们接受新事物的能力较强,模仿能力强,在教学中,适当引入《感恩的心》、《我的未来不是梦》、《铿锵玫瑰》、《真心英雄》等积极向上的优秀曲目,既能提高学生的个体感知体验,又能促进学生健康生活情趣、积极人生态度的形成,可谓一举两得。在这个方面,有些地区已经做出了很好的尝试,如周杰伦的歌曲《蜗牛》被收入上海中学生爱国主义歌曲和中学生德育教材,这是一个良好的开端,是非常值得我们借鉴和学习的。

音乐艺术是人类文化的浓缩。实践证明,音乐对个体直觉、推理、想象、表达和交流能力等方面都具有独特的促进作用。很多优秀的流行音乐作品都渗透了审美教育和情感教育的因子,如《北京欢迎你》、《感恩的心》、《从头再来》、《明天会更好》等,曲调优美,旋律变化丰富,通俗易懂,充满时代气息,既能消除学生的紧张疲劳感,还能释放他们的学习压力,使他们在心中产生强烈的共鸣,从而激发他们正面的、积极向上的生活态度,使他们对他人和社会产生更健康的心理预期和更加蓬勃向上的人生追求。

由于中职生的年龄及阅历有限,欣赏水平和审美能力不高,目前中职校园内还存在着歌曲题材单一、格调情趣庸俗化,爱情至上,纵情享乐等一些具有不良倾向的流行歌曲,因而,教师必须要纠正中职生在选择过程中出现的偏差,恰当地引导学生学会欣赏那些弘扬真、善、美的作品,并通过比较让学生领悟曲词皆美的优秀作品和粗制滥造的作品之间的区别,从而起到矫正学生浮躁心理和行为,提高审美品味的作用。

二、巧用流行歌曲激发学生的学习兴趣

美国心理学家布鲁纳指出:“学习的最好刺激乃是对所学材料的兴趣,要想使学生上好课,就得千方百计点燃学生心灵上的兴趣之火。”心理学研究表明,一个人对某种事物或某项活动产生了兴趣,他就会对其首先注意,并进行仔细观察、思考,不断提出问题,去探索、追求,获取更广博的知识。中职生的语文基础普遍较差,这与学生的学习兴趣不大有直接关系。中职语文教学中,文言文及古典诗词的教学一直是个难题,很多学生一提到文言文、古典诗词就头疼,而巧妙地把流行歌曲与古典诗歌学习联系起来就能够极大地激发学生的学习兴趣,减少其畏难情绪,加深其对古诗词的理解。如苏轼的《水调歌头》、李清照的《一剪梅》、岳飞的《满江红》、柳永的《雨霖铃》、李煜的《虞美人》等都被重新配曲,并广为传唱,都可以直接应用在课堂教学中。

心理学研究表明:“音乐和歌曲的美妙旋律可以给语言学习者带来美的刺激和感受,协调他们身体的生长系统,促进他们智力和思维能力的发展”。在讲授《林黛玉进贾府》时,笔者以86版电视剧的插曲《红楼梦?引子》导入课堂,在分析林黛玉、王熙凤、贾探春等人物形象的时候,让学生结合自己所听的《葬花吟》、《聪明累》、《分骨肉》分析讨论。课程结束后,又让学生仔细品味《枉凝眉》,进一步感受《红楼梦》中宝黛心心相印却终成空的爱情悲剧。这些音乐曲词出自原著,诗意典雅、委婉柔美,音乐配器既有民乐的二胡、古筝,又有弦乐、管乐的运用,使整个音乐古朴、典雅,富有诗意,与曲词的结合臻于完美,在烘托课堂气氛的同时,调动了学生的学习主动性,使其能够积极投入、主动参与、乐于探究,部分学生还进一步产生了阅读有关林黛玉其他诗作的愿望,并有学生尝试着自己用现代汉语去翻译《红楼梦》中的诗歌,幼师专业的学生还尝试着自己为《红楼梦》中的其它诗词作曲,在班里掀起了一股品评《红楼梦》的良好风气。

三、巧用流行歌曲培养学生语文学习能力

语文素养以语文能力为核心,它不仅仅表现为较强的识字写字能力、阅读能力、作文能力和口语交际能力,还表现为有较强的语文综合能力,即在生活中运用语文的能力以及不断更新知识的能力,而在教学中融入学生喜爱的流行音乐,对于渲染某种具体的文本氛围、创设良好的教学情境,特别是加深对文意情感的理解感悟有着积极作用。